A hotfix to a topic that graduated recently.
* jh/fsck-promisors:
sha1_file: restore OBJECT_INFO_QUICK functionality
PenaltyBreakFirstLessLess: 0
PenaltyBreakString: 10
PenaltyExcessCharacter: 100
-PenaltyReturnTypeOnItsOwnLine: 5
+PenaltyReturnTypeOnItsOwnLine: 60
# Don't sort #include's
SortIncludes: false
Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> <junio@twinsun.com>
Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> <junkio@cox.net>
Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> <junkio@twinsun.com>
+Kaartic Sivaraam <kaartic.sivaraam@gmail.com> <kaarticsivaraam91196@gmail.com>
Karl Wiberg <kha@treskal.com> Karl Hasselström
Karl Wiberg <kha@treskal.com> <kha@yoghurt.hemma.treskal.com>
Karsten Blees <blees@dcon.de> <karsten.blees@dcon.de>
- git-svn
- apache2
-env:
- global:
- - DEVELOPER=1
- # The Linux build installs the defined dependency versions below.
- # The OS X build installs the latest available versions. Keep that
- # in mind when you encounter a broken OS X build!
- - LINUX_P4_VERSION="16.2"
- - LINUX_GIT_LFS_VERSION="1.5.2"
- - DEFAULT_TEST_TARGET=prove
- - GIT_PROVE_OPTS="--timer --jobs 3 --state=failed,slow,save"
- - GIT_TEST_OPTS="--verbose-log"
- - GIT_TEST_CLONE_2GB=YesPlease
- # t9810 occasionally fails on Travis CI OS X
- # t9816 occasionally fails with "TAP out of sequence errors" on Travis CI OS X
- - GIT_SKIP_TESTS="t9810 t9816"
-
matrix:
include:
- - env: GETTEXT_POISON=YesPlease
+ - env: jobname=GETTEXT_POISON
os: linux
compiler:
addons:
before_install:
- - env: Windows
+ - env: jobname=Windows
os: linux
compiler:
addons:
before_install:
- before_script:
script:
- >
test "$TRAVIS_REPO_SLUG" != "git/git" ||
ci/run-windows-build.sh $TRAVIS_BRANCH $(git rev-parse HEAD)
after_failure:
- - env: Linux32
+ - env: jobname=Linux32
os: linux
compiler:
+ addons:
services:
- docker
before_install:
- before_script:
script: ci/run-linux32-docker.sh
- - env: Static Analysis
+ - env: jobname=StaticAnalysis
os: linux
compiler:
addons:
packages:
- coccinelle
before_install:
- # "before_script" that builds Git is inherited from base job
script: ci/run-static-analysis.sh
after_failure:
- - env: Documentation
+ - env: jobname=Documentation
os: linux
compiler:
addons:
- asciidoc
- xmlto
before_install:
- before_script:
script: ci/test-documentation.sh
after_failure:
before_install: ci/install-dependencies.sh
-before_script: ci/run-build.sh
-script: ci/run-tests.sh
+script: ci/run-build-and-tests.sh
after_failure: ci/print-test-failures.sh
notifications:
cmds-*.txt
mergetools-*.txt
manpage-base-url.xsl
+SubmittingPatches.txt
- Use Git's gettext wrappers to make the user interface
translatable. See "Marking strings for translation" in po/README.
+ - Variables and functions local to a given source file should be marked
+ with "static". Variables that are visible to other source files
+ must be declared with "extern" in header files. However, function
+ declarations should not use "extern", as that is already the default.
+
For Perl programs:
- Most of the C guidelines above apply.
MAN_TXT = $(MAN1_TXT) $(MAN5_TXT) $(MAN7_TXT)
MAN_XML = $(patsubst %.txt,%.xml,$(MAN_TXT))
MAN_HTML = $(patsubst %.txt,%.html,$(MAN_TXT))
+GIT_MAN_REF = master
OBSOLETE_HTML += everyday.html
OBSOLETE_HTML += git-remote-helpers.html
API_DOCS = $(patsubst %.txt,%,$(filter-out technical/api-index-skel.txt technical/api-index.txt, $(wildcard technical/api-*.txt)))
SP_ARTICLES += $(API_DOCS)
+TECH_DOCS += SubmittingPatches
TECH_DOCS += technical/hash-function-transition
TECH_DOCS += technical/http-protocol
TECH_DOCS += technical/index-format
+TECH_DOCS += technical/long-running-process-protocol
TECH_DOCS += technical/pack-format
TECH_DOCS += technical/pack-heuristics
TECH_DOCS += technical/pack-protocol
ASCIIDOC_CONF =
ASCIIDOC_HTML = xhtml5
ASCIIDOC_DOCBOOK = docbook45
+ASCIIDOC_EXTRA += -acompat-mode
ASCIIDOC_EXTRA += -I. -rasciidoctor-extensions
ASCIIDOC_EXTRA += -alitdd='&\#x2d;&\#x2d;'
DBLATEX_COMMON =
$(RM) *.pdf
$(RM) howto-index.txt howto/*.html doc.dep
$(RM) technical/*.html technical/api-index.txt
+ $(RM) SubmittingPatches.txt
$(RM) $(cmds_txt) $(mergetools_txt) *.made
$(RM) manpage-base-url.xsl
$(patsubst %,%.html,$(API_DOCS) technical/api-index $(TECH_DOCS)): %.html : %.txt asciidoc.conf
$(QUIET_ASCIIDOC)$(TXT_TO_HTML) $*.txt
+SubmittingPatches.txt: SubmittingPatches
+ $(QUIET_GEN) cp $< $@
+
XSLT = docbook.xsl
XSLTOPTS = --xinclude --stringparam html.stylesheet docbook-xsl.css
then echo "git-manpages repository must exist at $(MAN_REPO)"; exit 1; fi
quick-install-man: require-manrepo
- '$(SHELL_PATH_SQ)' ./install-doc-quick.sh $(MAN_REPO) $(DESTDIR)$(mandir)
+ '$(SHELL_PATH_SQ)' ./install-doc-quick.sh $(MAN_REPO) $(DESTDIR)$(mandir) $(GIT_MAN_REF)
require-htmlrepo::
@if test ! -d $(HTML_REPO); \
then echo "git-htmldocs repository must exist at $(HTML_REPO)"; exit 1; fi
quick-install-html: require-htmlrepo
- '$(SHELL_PATH_SQ)' ./install-doc-quick.sh $(HTML_REPO) $(DESTDIR)$(htmldir)
+ '$(SHELL_PATH_SQ)' ./install-doc-quick.sh $(HTML_REPO) $(DESTDIR)$(htmldir) $(GIT_MAN_REF)
print-man1:
@for i in $(MAN1_TXT); do echo $$i; done
learned to take the 'unfold' and 'only' modifiers to normalize its
output, e.g. "git log --format=%(trailers:only,unfold)".
- * "gitweb" shows a link to visit the 'raw' contents of blbos in the
+ * "gitweb" shows a link to visit the 'raw' contents of blobs in the
history overview page.
* "[gc] rerereResolved = 5.days" used to be invalid, as the variable
* Conversion from uchar[20] to struct object_id continues.
* Start using selected c99 constructs in small, stable and
- essentialpart of the system to catch people who care about
+ essential part of the system to catch people who care about
older compilers that do not grok them.
* The filter-process interface learned to allow a process with long
latency give a "delayed" response.
- * Many uses of comparision callback function the hashmap API uses
+ * Many uses of comparison callback function the hashmap API uses
cast the callback function type when registering it to
hashmap_init(), which defeats the compile time type checking when
the callback interface changes (e.g. gaining more parameters).
--- /dev/null
+Git v2.15.1 Release Notes
+=========================
+
+Fixes since v2.15
+-----------------
+
+ * TravisCI build updates.
+
+ * "auto" as a value for the columnar output configuration ought to
+ judge "is the output consumed by humans?" with the same criteria as
+ "auto" for coloured output configuration, i.e. either the standard
+ output stream is going to tty, or a pager is in use. We forgot the
+ latter, which has been fixed.
+
+ * The experimental "color moved lines differently in diff output"
+ feature was buggy around "ignore whitespace changes" edges, which
+ has been corrected.
+
+ * Instead of using custom line comparison and hashing functions to
+ implement "moved lines" coloring in the diff output, use the pair
+ of these functions from lower-layer xdiff/ code.
+
+ * Some codepaths did not check for errors when asking what branch the
+ HEAD points at, which have been fixed.
+
+ * "git commit", after making a commit, did not check for errors when
+ asking on what branch it made the commit, which has been corrected.
+
+ * "git status --ignored -u" did not stop at a working tree of a
+ separate project that is embedded in an ignored directory and
+ listed files in that other project, instead of just showing the
+ directory itself as ignored.
+
+ * A broken access to object databases in recent update to "git grep
+ --recurse-submodules" has been fixed.
+
+ * A recent regression in "git rebase -i" that broke execution of git
+ commands from subdirectories via "exec" instruction has been fixed.
+
+ * "git check-ref-format --branch @{-1}" bit a "BUG()" when run
+ outside a repository for obvious reasons; clarify the documentation
+ and make sure we do not even try to expand the at-mark magic in
+ such a case, but still call the validation logic for branch names.
+
+ * Command line completion (in contrib/) update.
+
+ * Description of blame.{showroot,blankboundary,showemail,date}
+ configuration variables have been added to "git config --help".
+
+ * After an error from lstat(), diff_populate_filespec() function
+ sometimes still went ahead and used invalid data in struct stat,
+ which has been fixed.
+
+ * UNC paths are also relevant in Cygwin builds and they are now
+ tested just like Mingw builds.
+
+ * Correct start-up sequence so that a repository could be placed
+ immediately under the root directory again (which was broken at
+ around Git 2.13).
+
+ * The credential helper for libsecret (in contrib/) has been improved
+ to allow possibly prompting the end user to unlock secrets that are
+ currently locked (otherwise the secrets may not be loaded).
+
+ * Updates from GfW project.
+
+ * "git rebase -i" recently started misbehaving when a submodule that
+ is configured with 'submodule.<name>.ignore' is dirty; this has
+ been corrected.
+
+ * Some error messages did not quote filenames shown in it, which have
+ been fixed.
+
+ * Building with NO_LIBPCRE1_JIT did not disable it, which has been fixed.
+
+ * We used to add an empty alternate object database to the system
+ that does not help anything; it has been corrected.
+
+ * Error checking in "git imap-send" for empty response has been
+ improved.
+
+ * An ancient bug in "git apply --ignore-space-change" codepath has
+ been fixed.
+
+ * There was a recent semantic mismerge in the codepath to write out a
+ section of a configuration section, which has been corrected.
+
+Also contains various documentation updates and code clean-ups.
--- /dev/null
+Git v2.15.2 Release Notes
+=========================
+
+Fixes since v2.15.1
+-------------------
+
+ * Recent update to the refs infrastructure implementation started
+ rewriting packed-refs file more often than before; this has been
+ optimized again for most trivial cases.
+
+ * The SubmittingPatches document has been converted to produce an
+ HTML version via AsciiDoc/Asciidoctor.
+
+ * Contrary to the documentation, "git pull -4/-6 other-args" did not
+ ask the underlying "git fetch" to go over IPv4/IPv6, which has been
+ corrected.
+
+ * When "git rebase" prepared an mailbox of changes and fed it to "git
+ am" to replay them, it was confused when a stray "From " happened
+ to be in the log message of one of the replayed changes. This has
+ been corrected.
+
+ * Command line completion (in contrib/) has been taught about the
+ "--copy" option of "git branch".
+
+ * "git apply --inaccurate-eof" when used with "--ignore-space-change"
+ triggered an internal sanity check, which has been fixed.
+
+ * The sequencer machinery (used by "git cherry-pick A..B", and "git
+ rebase -i", among other things) would have lost a commit if stopped
+ due to an unlockable index file, which has been fixed.
+
+ * The three-way merge performed by "git cherry-pick" was confused
+ when a new submodule was added in the meantime, which has been
+ fixed (or "papered over").
+
+ * "git notes" sent its error message to its standard output stream,
+ which was corrected.
+
+ * A few scripts (both in production and tests) incorrectly redirected
+ their error output. These have been corrected.
+
+ * Clarify and enhance documentation for "merge-base --fork-point", as
+ it was clear what it computed but not why/what for.
+
+
+Also contains various documentation updates and code clean-ups.
--- /dev/null
+Git 2.16 Release Notes
+======================
+
+Backward compatibility notes and other notable changes.
+
+ * Use of an empty string as a pathspec element that is used for
+ 'everything matches' is now an error.
+
+
+Updates since v2.15
+-------------------
+
+UI, Workflows & Features
+
+ * An empty string as a pathspec element that means "everything"
+ i.e. 'git add ""', is now illegal. We started this by first
+ deprecating and warning a pathspec that has such an element in
+ 2.11 (Nov 2016).
+
+ * A hook script that is set unexecutable is simply ignored. Git
+ notifies when such a file is ignored, unless the message is
+ squelched via advice.ignoredHook configuration.
+
+ * "git pull" has been taught to accept "--[no-]signoff" option and
+ pass it down to "git merge".
+
+ * The "--push-option=<string>" option to "git push" now defaults to a
+ list of strings configured via push.pushOption variable.
+
+ * "gitweb" checks if a directory is searchable with Perl's "-x"
+ operator, which can be enhanced by using "filetest 'access'"
+ pragma, which now we do.
+
+ * "git stash save" has been deprecated in favour of "git stash push".
+
+ * The set of paths output from "git status --ignored" was tied
+ closely with its "--untracked=<mode>" option, but now it can be
+ controlled more flexibly. Most notably, a directory that is
+ ignored because it is listed to be ignored in the ignore/exclude
+ mechanism can be handled differently from a directory that ends up
+ to be ignored only because all files in it are ignored.
+
+ * The remote-helper for talking to MediaWiki has been updated to
+ truncate an overlong pagename so that ".mw" suffix can still be
+ added.
+
+ * The remote-helper for talking to MediaWiki has been updated to
+ work with mediawiki namespaces.
+
+ * The "--format=..." option "git for-each-ref" takes learned to show
+ the name of the 'remote' repository and the ref at the remote side
+ that is affected for 'upstream' and 'push' via "%(push:remotename)"
+ and friends.
+
+ * Doc and message updates to teach users "bisect view" is a synonym
+ for "bisect visualize".
+
+ * "git bisect run" that did not specify any command to run used to go
+ ahead and treated all commits to be tested as 'good'. This has
+ been corrected by making the command error out.
+
+ * The SubmittingPatches document has been converted to produce an
+ HTML version via AsciiDoc/Asciidoctor.
+
+ * We learned to optionally talk to a file system monitor via new
+ fsmonitor extension to speed up "git status" and other operations
+ that need to see which paths have been modified. Currently we only
+ support "watchman". See File System Monitor section of
+ git-update-index(1) for more detail.
+
+ * The "diff" family of commands learned to ignore differences in
+ carriage return at the end of line.
+
+ * Places that know about "sendemail.to", like documentation and shell
+ completion (in contrib/) have been taught about "sendemail.tocmd",
+ too.
+
+ * "git add --renormalize ." is a new and safer way to record the fact
+ that you are correcting the end-of-line convention and other
+ "convert_to_git()" glitches in the in-repository data.
+
+ * "git branch" and "git checkout -b" are now forbidden from creating
+ a branch whose name is "HEAD".
+
+ * "git branch --list" learned to show its output through the pager by
+ default when the output is going to a terminal, which is controlled
+ by the pager.branch configuration variable. This is similar to a
+ recent change to "git tag --list".
+
+ * "git grep -W", "git diff -W" and their friends learned a heuristic
+ to extend a pre-context beyond the line that matches the "function
+ pattern" (aka "diff.*.xfuncname") to include a comment block, if
+ exists, that immediately precedes it.
+
+ * "git config --expiry-date gc.reflogexpire" can read "2.weeks" from
+ the configuration and report it as a timestamp, just like "--int"
+ would read "1k" and report 1024, to help consumption by scripts.
+
+ * The shell completion (in contrib/) learned that "git pull" can take
+ the "--autostash" option.
+
+ * The tagnames "git log --decorate" uses to annotate the commits can
+ now be limited to subset of available refs with the two additional
+ options, --decorate-refs[-exclude]=<pattern>.
+
+ * "git grep" compiled with libpcre2 sometimes triggered a segfault,
+ which is being fixed.
+
+ * "git send-email" tries to see if the sendmail program is available
+ in /usr/lib and /usr/sbin; extend the list of locations to be
+ checked to also include directories on $PATH.
+
+ * "git diff" learned, "--anchored", a variant of the "--patience"
+ algorithm, to which the user can specify which 'unique' line to be
+ used as anchoring points.
+
+ * The way "git worktree add" determines what branch to create from
+ where and checkout in the new worktree has been updated a bit.
+
+ * Ancient part of codebase still shows dots after an abbreviated
+ object name just to show that it is not a full object name, but
+ these ellipses are confusing to people who newly discovered Git
+ who are used to seeing abbreviated object names and find them
+ confusing with the range syntax.
+
+ * With a configuration variable rebase.abbreviateCommands set,
+ "git rebase -i" produces the todo list with a single-letter
+ command names.
+
+ * "git worktree add" learned to run the post-checkout hook, just like
+ "git checkout" does, after the initial checkout.
+
+ * "git svn" has been updated to strip CRs in the commit messages, as
+ recent versions of Subversion rejects them.
+
+ * "git imap-send" did not correctly quote the folder name when
+ making a request to the server, which has been corrected.
+
+ * Error messages from "git rebase" have been somewhat cleaned up.
+
+ * Git has been taught to support an https:// URL used for http.proxy
+ when using recent versions of libcurl.
+
+ * "git merge" learned to pay attention to merge.verifySignatures
+ configuration variable and pretend as if '--verify-signatures'
+ option was given from the command line.
+
+ * "git describe" was taught to dig trees deeper to find a
+ <commit-ish>:<path> that refers to a given blob object.
+
+
+Performance, Internal Implementation, Development Support etc.
+
+ * An earlier update made it possible to use an on-stack in-core
+ lockfile structure (as opposed to having to deliberately leak an
+ on-heap one). Many codepaths have been updated to take advantage
+ of this new facility.
+
+ * Calling cmd_foo() as if it is a general purpose helper function is
+ a no-no. Correct two instances of such to set an example.
+
+ * We try to see if somebody runs our test suite with a shell that
+ does not support "local" like bash/dash does.
+
+ * An early part of piece-by-piece rewrite of "git bisect" in C.
+
+ * GSoC to piece-by-piece rewrite "git submodule" in C.
+
+ * Optimize the code to find shortest unique prefix of object names.
+
+ * Pathspec-limited revision traversal was taught not to keep finding
+ unneeded differences once it knows two trees are different inside
+ given pathspec.
+
+ * Conversion from uchar[20] to struct object_id continues.
+
+ * Code cleanup.
+
+ * A single-word "unsigned flags" in the diff options is being split
+ into a structure with many bitfields.
+
+ * TravisCI build updates.
+
+ * Parts of a test to drive the long-running content filter interface
+ has been split into its own module, hopefully to eventually become
+ reusable.
+
+ * Drop (perhaps overly cautious) sanity check before using the index
+ read from the filesystem at runtime.
+
+ * The build procedure has been taught to avoid some unnecessary
+ instability in the build products.
+
+ * A new mechanism to upgrade the wire protocol in place is proposed
+ and demonstrated that it works with the older versions of Git
+ without harming them.
+
+ * An infrastructure to define what hash function is used in Git is
+ introduced, and an effort to plumb that throughout various
+ codepaths has been started.
+
+ * The code to iterate over loose object files got optimized.
+
+ * An internal function that was left for backward compatibility has
+ been removed, as there is no remaining callers.
+
+ * Historically, the diff machinery for rename detection had a
+ hardcoded limit of 32k paths; this is being lifted to allow users
+ trade cycles with a (possibly) easier to read result.
+
+ * The tracing infrastructure has been optimized for cases where no
+ tracing is requested.
+
+ * In preparation for implementing narrow/partial clone, the object
+ walking machinery has been taught a way to tell it to "filter" some
+ objects from enumeration.
+
+ * A few structures and variables that are implementation details of
+ the decorate API have been renamed and then the API got documented
+ better.
+
+ * Assorted updates for TravisCI integration.
+ (merge 4f26366679 sg/travis-fixes later to maint).
+
+ * Introduce a helper to simplify code to parse a common pattern that
+ expects either "--key" or "--key=<something>".
+
+ * "git version --build-options" learned to report the host CPU and
+ the exact commit object name the binary was built from.
+
+Also contains various documentation updates and code clean-ups.
+
+
+Fixes since v2.15
+-----------------
+
+ * "auto" as a value for the columnar output configuration ought to
+ judge "is the output consumed by humans?" with the same criteria as
+ "auto" for coloured output configuration, i.e. either the standard
+ output stream is going to tty, or a pager is in use. We forgot the
+ latter, which has been fixed.
+
+ * The experimental "color moved lines differently in diff output"
+ feature was buggy around "ignore whitespace changes" edges, which
+ has been corrected.
+
+ * Instead of using custom line comparison and hashing functions to
+ implement "moved lines" coloring in the diff output, use the pair
+ of these functions from lower-layer xdiff/ code.
+
+ * Some codepaths did not check for errors when asking what branch the
+ HEAD points at, which have been fixed.
+
+ * "git commit", after making a commit, did not check for errors when
+ asking on what branch it made the commit, which has been corrected.
+
+ * "git status --ignored -u" did not stop at a working tree of a
+ separate project that is embedded in an ignored directory and
+ listed files in that other project, instead of just showing the
+ directory itself as ignored.
+
+ * A broken access to object databases in recent update to "git grep
+ --recurse-submodules" has been fixed.
+
+ * A recent regression in "git rebase -i" that broke execution of git
+ commands from subdirectories via "exec" instruction has been fixed.
+
+ * A (possibly flakey) test fix.
+
+ * "git check-ref-format --branch @{-1}" bit a "BUG()" when run
+ outside a repository for obvious reasons; clarify the documentation
+ and make sure we do not even try to expand the at-mark magic in
+ such a case, but still call the validation logic for branch names.
+
+ * "git fetch --recurse-submodules" now knows that submodules can be
+ moved around in the superproject in addition to getting updated,
+ and finds the ones that need to be fetched accordingly.
+
+ * Command line completion (in contrib/) update.
+
+ * Description of blame.{showroot,blankboundary,showemail,date}
+ configuration variables have been added to "git config --help".
+
+ * After an error from lstat(), diff_populate_filespec() function
+ sometimes still went ahead and used invalid data in struct stat,
+ which has been fixed.
+
+ * UNC paths are also relevant in Cygwin builds and they are now
+ tested just like Mingw builds.
+
+ * Correct start-up sequence so that a repository could be placed
+ immediately under the root directory again (which was broken at
+ around Git 2.13).
+
+ * The credential helper for libsecret (in contrib/) has been improved
+ to allow possibly prompting the end user to unlock secrets that are
+ currently locked (otherwise the secrets may not be loaded).
+
+ * MinGW updates.
+
+ * Error checking in "git imap-send" for empty response has been
+ improved.
+
+ * Recent update to the refs infrastructure implementation started
+ rewriting packed-refs file more often than before; this has been
+ optimized again for most trivial cases.
+
+ * Some error messages did not quote filenames shown in it, which have
+ been fixed.
+
+ * "git rebase -i" recently started misbehaving when a submodule that
+ is configured with 'submodule.<name>.ignore' is dirty; this has
+ been corrected.
+
+ * Building with NO_LIBPCRE1_JIT did not disable it, which has been fixed.
+
+ * We used to add an empty alternate object database to the system
+ that does not help anything; it has been corrected.
+
+ * Doc update around use of "format-patch --subject-prefix" etc.
+
+ * A fix for an ancient bug in "git apply --ignore-space-change" codepath.
+
+ * Clarify and enhance documentation for "merge-base --fork-point", as
+ it was clear what it computed but not why/what for.
+
+ * A few scripts (both in production and tests) incorrectly redirected
+ their error output. These have been corrected.
+
+ * "git notes" sent its error message to its standard output stream,
+ which was corrected.
+
+ * The three-way merge performed by "git cherry-pick" was confused
+ when a new submodule was added in the meantime, which has been
+ fixed (or "papered over").
+
+ * The sequencer machinery (used by "git cherry-pick A..B", and "git
+ rebase -i", among other things) would have lost a commit if stopped
+ due to an unlockable index file, which has been fixed.
+
+ * "git apply --inaccurate-eof" when used with "--ignore-space-change"
+ triggered an internal sanity check, which has been fixed.
+
+ * Command line completion (in contrib/) has been taught about the
+ "--copy" option of "git branch".
+
+ * When "git rebase" prepared a mailbox of changes and fed it to "git
+ am" to replay them, it was confused when a stray "From " happened
+ to be in the log message of one of the replayed changes. This has
+ been corrected.
+
+ * There was a recent semantic mismerge in the codepath to write out a
+ section of a configuration section, which has been corrected.
+
+ * Mentions of "git-rebase" and "git-am" (dashed form) still remained
+ in end-user visible strings emitted by the "git rebase" command;
+ they have been corrected.
+
+ * Contrary to the documentation, "git pull -4/-6 other-args" did not
+ ask the underlying "git fetch" to go over IPv4/IPv6, which has been
+ corrected.
+
+ * "git checkout --recursive" may overwrite and rewind the history of
+ the branch that happens to be checked out in submodule
+ repositories, which might not be desirable. Detach the HEAD but
+ still allow the recursive checkout to succeed in such a case.
+ (merge 57f22bf997 sb/submodule-recursive-checkout-detach-head later to maint).
+
+ * "git branch --set-upstream" has been deprecated and (sort of)
+ removed, as "--set-upstream-to" is the preferred one these days.
+ The documentation still had "--set-upstream" listed on its
+ synopsis section, which has been corrected.
+ (merge a060f3d3d8 tz/branch-doc-remove-set-upstream later to maint).
+
+ * Internally we use 0{40} as a placeholder object name to signal the
+ codepath that there is no such object (e.g. the fast-forward check
+ while "git fetch" stores a new remote-tracking ref says "we know
+ there is no 'old' thing pointed at by the ref, as we are creating
+ it anew" by passing 0{40} for the 'old' side), and expect that a
+ codepath to locate an in-core object to return NULL as a sign that
+ the object does not exist. A look-up for an object that does not
+ exist however is quite costly with a repository with large number
+ of packfiles. This access pattern has been optimized.
+ (merge 87b5e236a1 jk/fewer-pack-rescan later to maint).
+
+ * In addition to "git stash -m message", the command learned to
+ accept "git stash -mmessage" form.
+ (merge 5675473fcb ph/stash-save-m-option-fix later to maint).
+
+ * @{-N} in "git checkout @{-N}" may refer to a detached HEAD state,
+ but the documentation was not clear about it, which has been fixed.
+ (merge 75ce149575 ks/doc-checkout-previous later to maint).
+
+ * A regression in the progress eye-candy was fixed.
+ (merge 9c5951cacf jk/progress-delay-fix later to maint).
+
+ * The code internal to the recursive merge strategy was not fully
+ prepared to see a path that is renamed to try overwriting another
+ path that is only different in case on case insensitive systems.
+ This does not matter in the current code, but will start to matter
+ once the rename detection logic starts taking hints from nearby
+ paths moving to some directory and moves a new path along with them.
+ (merge 4cba2b0108 en/merge-recursive-icase-removal later to maint).
+
+ * An v2.12-era regression in pathspec match logic, which made it look
+ into submodule tree even when it is not desired, has been fixed.
+ (merge eef3df5a93 bw/pathspec-match-submodule-boundary later to maint).
+
+ * Amending commits in git-gui broke the author name that is non-ascii
+ due to incorrect enconding conversion.
+
+ * Recent update to the submodule configuration code broke "diff-tree"
+ by accidentally stopping to read from the index upfront.
+ (merge fd66bcc31f bw/submodule-config-cleanup later to maint).
+
+ * Git shows a message to tell the user that it is waiting for the
+ user to finish editing when spawning an editor, in case the editor
+ opens to a hidden window or somewhere obscure and the user gets
+ lost.
+ (merge abfb04d0c7 ls/editor-waiting-message later to maint).
+
+ * The "safe crlf" check incorrectly triggered for contents that does
+ not use CRLF as line endings, which has been corrected.
+ (merge 649f1f0948 tb/check-crlf-for-safe-crlf later to maint).
+
+ * "git clone --shared" to borrow from a (secondary) worktree did not
+ work, even though "git clone --local" did. Both are now accepted.
+ (merge b3b05971c1 es/clone-shared-worktree later to maint).
+
+ * The build procedure now allows not just the repositories but also
+ the refs to be used to take pre-formatted manpages and html
+ documents to install.
+ (merge 65289e9dcd rb/quick-install-doc later to maint).
+
+ * Update the shell prompt script (in contrib/) to strip trailing CR
+ from strings read from various "state" files.
+ (merge 041fe8fc83 ra/prompt-eread-fix later to maint).
+
+ * "git merge -s recursive" did not correctly abort when the index is
+ dirty, if the merged tree happened to be the same as the current
+ HEAD, which has been fixed.
+
+ * Bytes with high-bit set were encoded incorrectly and made
+ credential helper fail.
+ (merge 4c267f2ae3 jd/fix-strbuf-add-urlencode-bytes later to maint).
+
+ * "git rebase -p -X<option>" did not propagate the option properly
+ down to underlying merge strategy backend.
+ (merge dd6fb0053c js/fix-merge-arg-quoting-in-rebase-p later to maint).
+
+ * "git merge -s recursive" did not correctly abort when the index is
+ dirty, if the merged tree happened to be the same as the current
+ HEAD, which has been fixed.
+ (merge f309e8e768 ew/empty-merge-with-dirty-index-maint later to maint).
+
+ * Other minor doc, test and build updates and code cleanups.
+ (merge 1a1fc2d5b5 rd/man-prune-progress later to maint).
+ (merge 0ba014035a rd/man-reflog-add-n later to maint).
+ (merge e54b63359f rd/doc-notes-prune-fix later to maint).
+ (merge ff4c9b413a sp/doc-info-attributes later to maint).
+ (merge 7db2cbf4f1 jc/receive-pack-hook-doc later to maint).
+ (merge 5a0526264b tg/t-readme-updates later to maint).
+ (merge 5e83cca0b8 jk/no-optional-locks later to maint).
+ (merge 826c778f7c js/hashmap-update-sample later to maint).
+ (merge 176b2d328c sg/setup-doc-update later to maint).
+ (merge 1b09073514 rs/am-builtin-leakfix later to maint).
+ (merge addcf6cfde rs/fmt-merge-msg-string-leak-fix later to maint).
+ (merge c3ff8f6c14 rs/strbuf-read-once-reset-length later to maint).
+ (merge 6b0eb884f9 db/doc-workflows-neuter-the-maintainer later to maint).
+ (merge 8c87bdfb21 jk/cvsimport-quoting later to maint).
+ (merge 176cb979fe rs/fmt-merge-msg-leakfix later to maint).
+ (merge 5a03360e73 tb/delimit-pretty-trailers-args-with-comma later to maint).
+ (merge d0e6326026 ot/pretty later to maint).
+ (merge 44103f4197 sb/test-helper-excludes later to maint).
+ (merge 170078693f jt/transport-no-more-rsync later to maint).
+ (merge c07b3adff1 bw/path-doc later to maint).
+ (merge bf9d7df950 tz/lib-git-svn-svnserve-tests later to maint).
+ (merge dec366c9a8 sr/http-sslverify-config-doc later to maint).
+ (merge 3f824e91c8 jk/test-suite-tracing later to maint).
+ (merge 1feb061701 db/doc-config-section-names-with-bs later to maint).
+ (merge 74dea0e13c jh/memihash-opt later to maint).
+ (merge 2e9fdc795c ma/bisect-leakfix later to maint).
--- /dev/null
+Git v2.16.1 Release Notes
+=========================
+
+Fixes since v2.16
+-----------------
+
+ * "git clone" segfaulted when cloning a project that happens to
+ track two paths that differ only in case on a case insensitive
+ filesystem.
+
+Does not contain any other documentation updates or code clean-ups.
--- /dev/null
+Git v2.16.2 Release Notes
+=========================
+
+Fixes since v2.16.1
+-------------------
+
+ * An old regression in "git describe --all $annotated_tag^0" has been
+ fixed.
+
+ * "git svn dcommit" did not take into account the fact that a
+ svn+ssh:// URL with a username@ (typically used for pushing) refers
+ to the same SVN repository without the username@ and failed when
+ svn.pushmergeinfo option is set.
+
+ * "git merge -Xours/-Xtheirs" learned to use our/their version when
+ resolving a conflicting updates to a symbolic link.
+
+ * "git clone $there $here" is allowed even when here directory exists
+ as long as it is an empty directory, but the command incorrectly
+ removed it upon a failure of the operation.
+
+ * "git stash -- <pathspec>" incorrectly blew away untracked files in
+ the directory that matched the pathspec, which has been corrected.
+
+ * "git add -p" was taught to ignore local changes to submodules as
+ they do not interfere with the partial addition of regular changes
+ anyway.
+
+
+Also contains various documentation updates and code clean-ups.
--- /dev/null
+Git 2.17 Release Notes
+======================
+
+Updates since v2.16
+-------------------
+
+UI, Workflows & Features
+
+ * "diff" family of commands learned "--find-object=<object-id>" option
+ to limit the findings to changes that involve the named object.
+
+ * "git format-patch" learned to give 72-cols to diffstat, which is
+ consistent with other line length limits the subcommand uses for
+ its output meant for e-mails.
+
+ * The log from "git daemon" can be redirected with a new option; one
+ relevant use case is to send the log to standard error (instead of
+ syslog) when running it from inetd.
+
+ * "git rebase" learned to take "--allow-empty-message" option.
+
+ * "git am" has learned the "--quit" option, in addition to the
+ existing "--abort" option; having the pair mirrors a few other
+ commands like "rebase" and "cherry-pick".
+
+ * "git worktree add" learned to run the post-checkout hook, just like
+ "git clone" runs it upon the initial checkout.
+
+ * "git tag" learned an explicit "--edit" option that allows the
+ message given via "-m" and "-F" to be further edited.
+
+ * "git fetch --prune-tags" may be used as a handy short-hand for
+ getting rid of stale tags that are locally held.
+
+ * The new "--show-current-patch" option gives an end-user facing way
+ to get the diff being applied when "git rebase" (and "git am")
+ stops with a conflict.
+
+ * "git add -p" used to offer "/" (look for a matching hunk) as a
+ choice, even there was only one hunk, which has been corrected.
+ Also the single-key help is now given only for keys that are
+ enabled (e.g. help for '/' won't be shown when there is only one
+ hunk).
+
+ * Since Git 1.7.9, "git merge" defaulted to --no-ff (i.e. even when
+ the side branch being merged is a descendant of the current commit,
+ create a merge commit instead of fast-forwarding) when merging a
+ tag object. This was appropriate default for integrators who pull
+ signed tags from their downstream contributors, but caused an
+ unnecessary merges when used by downstream contributors who
+ habitually "catch up" their topic branches with tagged releases
+ from the upstream. Update "git merge" to default to --no-ff only
+ when merging a tag object that does *not* sit at its usual place in
+ refs/tags/ hierarchy, and allow fast-forwarding otherwise, to
+ mitigate the problem.
+
+ * "git status" can spend a lot of cycles to compute the relation
+ between the current branch and its upstream, which can now be
+ disabled with "--no-ahead-behind" option.
+
+ * "git diff" and friends learned funcname patterns for Go language
+ source files.
+
+ * "git send-email" learned "--reply-to=<address>" option.
+
+ * Funcname pattern used for C# now recognizes "async" keyword.
+
+
+Performance, Internal Implementation, Development Support etc.
+
+ * More perf tests for threaded grep
+
+ * "perf" test output can be sent to codespeed server.
+
+ * The build procedure for perl/ part has been greatly simplified by
+ weaning ourselves off of MakeMaker.
+
+ * In preparation for implementing narrow/partial clone, the machinery
+ for checking object connectivity used by gc and fsck has been
+ taught that a missing object is OK when it is referenced by a
+ packfile specially marked as coming from trusted repository that
+ promises to make them available on-demand and lazily.
+
+ * The machinery to clone & fetch, which in turn involves packing and
+ unpacking objects, has been told how to omit certain objects using
+ the filtering mechanism introduced by another topic. It now knows
+ to mark the resulting pack as a promisor pack to tolerate missing
+ objects, laying foundation for "narrow" clones.
+
+ * The first step to getting rid of mru API and using the
+ doubly-linked list API directly instead.
+
+ * Retire mru API as it does not give enough abstraction over
+ underlying list API to be worth it.
+
+ * Rewrite two more "git submodule" subcommands in C.
+
+ * The tracing machinery learned to report tweaking of environment
+ variables as well.
+
+ * Update Coccinelle rules to catch and optimize strbuf_addf(&buf, "%s", str)
+
+ * Prevent "clang-format" from breaking line after function return type.
+
+ * The sequencer infrastructure is shared across "git cherry-pick",
+ "git rebase -i", etc., and has always spawned "git commit" when it
+ needs to create a commit. It has been taught to do so internally,
+ when able, by reusing the codepath "git commit" itself uses, which
+ gives performance boost for a few tens of percents in some sample
+ scenarios.
+
+ * Push the submodule version of collision-detecting SHA-1 hash
+ implementation a bit harder on builders.
+
+ * Avoid mmapping small files while using packed refs (especially ones
+ with zero size, which would cause later munmap() to fail).
+
+ * Conversion from uchar[20] to struct object_id continues.
+
+ * More tests for wildmatch functions.
+
+ * The code to binary search starting from a fan-out table (which is
+ how the packfile is indexed with object names) has been refactored
+ into a reusable helper.
+
+ * We now avoid using identifiers that clash with C++ keywords. Even
+ though it is not a goal to compile Git with C++ compilers, changes
+ like this help use of code analysis tools that targets C++ on our
+ codebase.
+
+ * The executable is now built in 'script' phase in Travis CI integration,
+ to follow the established practice, rather than during 'before_script'
+ phase. This allows the CI categorize the failures better ('failed'
+ is project's fault, 'errored' is build environment's).
+ (merge 3c93b82920 sg/travis-build-during-script-phase later to maint).
+
+ * Writing out the index file when the only thing that changed in it
+ is the untracked cache information is often wasteful, and this has
+ been optimized out.
+
+ * Various pieces of Perl code we have have been cleaned up.
+
+
+Also contains various documentation updates and code clean-ups.
+
+
+Fixes since v2.16
+-----------------
+
+ * An old regression in "git describe --all $annotated_tag^0" has been
+ fixed.
+
+ * "git status" after moving a path in the working tree (hence making
+ it appear "removed") and then adding with the -N option (hence
+ making that appear "added") detected it as a rename, but did not
+ report the old and new pathnames correctly.
+
+ * "git svn dcommit" did not take into account the fact that a
+ svn+ssh:// URL with a username@ (typically used for pushing) refers
+ to the same SVN repository without the username@ and failed when
+ svn.pushmergeinfo option is set.
+
+ * API clean-up around revision traversal.
+
+ * "git merge -Xours/-Xtheirs" learned to use our/their version when
+ resolving a conflicting updates to a symbolic link.
+
+ * "git clone $there $here" is allowed even when here directory exists
+ as long as it is an empty directory, but the command incorrectly
+ removed it upon a failure of the operation.
+
+ * "git commit --fixup" did not allow "-m<message>" option to be used
+ at the same time; allow it to annotate resulting commit with more
+ text.
+
+ * When resetting the working tree files recursively, the working tree
+ of submodules are now also reset to match.
+
+ * "git stash -- <pathspec>" incorrectly blew away untracked files in
+ the directory that matched the pathspec, which has been corrected.
+
+ * Instead of maintaining home-grown email address parsing code, ship
+ a copy of reasonably recent Mail::Address to be used as a fallback
+ in 'git send-email' when the platform lacks it.
+ (merge d60be8acab mm/send-email-fallback-to-local-mail-address later to maint).
+
+ * "git add -p" was taught to ignore local changes to submodules as
+ they do not interfere with the partial addition of regular changes
+ anyway.
+
+ * Avoid showing a warning message in the middle of a line of "git
+ diff" output.
+ (merge 4e056c989f nd/diff-flush-before-warning later to maint).
+
+ * The http tracing code, often used to debug connection issues,
+ learned to redact potentially sensitive information from its output
+ so that it can be more safely sharable.
+ (merge 8ba18e6fa4 jt/http-redact-cookies later to maint).
+
+ * Crash fix for a corner case where an error codepath tried to unlock
+ what it did not acquire lock on.
+ (merge 81fcb698e0 mr/packed-ref-store-fix later to maint).
+
+ * The split-index mode had a few corner case bugs fixed.
+ (merge ae59a4e44f tg/split-index-fixes later to maint).
+
+ * Assorted fixes to "git daemon".
+ (merge ed15e58efe jk/daemon-fixes later to maint).
+
+ * Completion of "git merge -s<strategy>" (in contrib/) did not work
+ well in non-C locale.
+ (merge 7cc763aaa3 nd/list-merge-strategy later to maint).
+
+ * Workaround for segfault with more recent versions of SVN.
+ (merge 7f6f75e97a ew/svn-branch-segfault-fix later to maint).
+
+ * Plug recently introduced leaks in fsck.
+ (merge ba3a08ca0e jt/fsck-code-cleanup later to maint).
+
+ * "git pull --rebase" did not pass verbosity setting down when
+ recursing into a submodule.
+ (merge a56771a668 sb/pull-rebase-submodule later to maint).
+
+ * The way "git reset --hard" reports the commit the updated HEAD
+ points at is made consistent with the way how the commit title is
+ generated by the other parts of the system. This matters when the
+ title is spread across physically multiple lines.
+ (merge 1cf823fb68 tg/reset-hard-show-head-with-pretty later to maint).
+
+ * Test fixes.
+ (merge 63b1a175ee sg/test-i18ngrep later to maint).
+
+ * Some bugs around "untracked cache" feature have been fixed. This
+ will notice corrupt data in the untracked cache left by old and
+ buggy code and issue a warning---the index can be fixed by clearing
+ the untracked cache from it.
+ (merge 0cacebf099 nd/fix-untracked-cache-invalidation later to maint).
+ (merge 7bf0be7501 ab/untracked-cache-invalidation-docs later to maint).
+
+ * "git blame HEAD COPYING" in a bare repository failed to run, while
+ "git blame HEAD -- COPYING" run just fine. This has been corrected.
+
+ * "git add" files in the same directory, but spelling the directory
+ path in different cases on case insensitive filesystem, corrupted
+ the name hash data structure and led to unexpected results. This
+ has been corrected.
+ (merge c95525e90d bp/name-hash-dirname-fix later to maint).
+
+ * "git rebase -p" mangled log messages of a merge commit, which is
+ now fixed.
+ (merge ed5144d7eb js/fix-merge-arg-quoting-in-rebase-p later to maint).
+
+ * Some low level protocol codepath could crash when they get an
+ unexpected flush packet, which is now fixed.
+ (merge bb1356dc64 js/packet-read-line-check-null later to maint).
+
+ * "git check-ignore" with multiple paths got confused when one is a
+ file and the other is a directory, which has been fixed.
+ (merge d60771e930 rs/check-ignore-multi later to maint).
+
+ * "git describe $garbage" stopped giving any errors when the garbage
+ happens to be a string with 40 hexadecimal letters.
+ (merge a8e7a2bf0f sb/describe-blob later to maint).
+
+ * Code to unquote single-quoted string (used in the parser for
+ configuration files, etc.) did not diagnose bogus input correctly
+ and produced bogus results instead.
+ (merge ddbbf8eb25 jk/sq-dequote-on-bogus-input later to maint).
+
+ * Many places in "git apply" knew that "/dev/null" that signals
+ "there is no such file on this side of the diff" can be followed by
+ whitespace and garbage when parsing a patch, except for one, which
+ made an otherwise valid patch (e.g. ones from subversion) rejected.
+ (merge e454ad4bec tk/apply-dev-null-verify-name-fix later to maint).
+
+ * We no longer create any *.spec file, so "make clean" should not
+ remove it.
+ (merge 4321bdcabb tz/do-not-clean-spec-file later to maint).
+
+ * "git push" over http transport did not unquote the push-options
+ correctly.
+ (merge 90dce21eb0 jk/push-options-via-transport-fix later to maint).
+
+ * "git send-email" learned to complain when the batch-size option is
+ not defined when the relogin-delay option is, since these two are
+ mutually required.
+ (merge 9caa70697b xz/send-email-batch-size later to maint).
+
+ * Y2k20 fix ;-) for our perl scripts.
+ (merge a40e06ee33 bw/perl-timegm-timelocal-fix later to maint).
+
+ * Threaded "git grep" has been optimized to avoid allocation in code
+ section that is covered under a mutex.
+ (merge 38ef24dccf rv/grep-cleanup later to maint).
+
+ * "git subtree" script (in contrib/) scripted around "git log", whose
+ output got affected by end-user configuration like log.showsignature
+ (merge 8841b5222c sg/subtree-signed-commits later to maint).
+
+ * While finding unique object name abbreviation, the code may
+ accidentally have read beyond the end of the array of object names
+ in a pack.
+ (merge 21abed500c ds/find-unique-abbrev-optim later to maint).
+
+ * Micro optimization in revision traversal code.
+ (merge ebbed3ba04 ds/mark-parents-uninteresting-optim later to maint).
+
+ * "git commit" used to run "gc --auto" near the end, which was lost
+ when the command was reimplemented in C by mistake.
+ (merge 095c741edd ab/gc-auto-in-commit later to maint).
+
+ * Allow running a couple of tests with "sh -x".
+ (merge c20bf94abc sg/cvs-tests-with-x later to maint).
+
+ * Other minor doc, test and build updates and code cleanups.
+ (merge e2a5a028c7 bw/oidmap-autoinit later to maint).
+ (merge ec3b4b06f8 cl/t9001-cleanup later to maint).
+ (merge e1b3f3dd38 ks/submodule-doc-updates later to maint).
+ (merge fbac558a9b rs/describe-unique-abbrev later to maint).
+ (merge 8462ff43e4 tb/crlf-conv-flags later to maint).
+ (merge 7d68bb0766 rb/hashmap-h-compilation-fix later to maint).
+ (merge 3449847168 cc/sha1-file-name later to maint).
+ (merge ad622a256f ds/use-get-be64 later to maint).
+ (merge f919ffebed sg/cocci-move-array later to maint).
+ (merge 4e801463c7 jc/mailinfo-cleanup-fix later to maint).
+ (merge ef5b3a6c5e nd/shared-index-fix later to maint).
+ (merge 9f5258cbb8 tz/doc-show-defaults-to-head later to maint).
+ (merge b780e4407d jc/worktree-add-short-help later to maint).
+ (merge ae239fc8e5 rs/cocci-strbuf-addf-to-addstr later to maint).
+ (merge 2e22a85e5c nd/ignore-glob-doc-update later to maint).
+ (merge 3738031581 jk/gettext-poison later to maint).
+ (merge 54360a1956 rj/sparse-updates later to maint).
+ (merge 12e31a6b12 sg/doc-test-must-fail-args later to maint).
+ (merge 760f1ad101 bc/doc-interpret-trailers-grammofix later to maint).
+ (merge 4ccf461f56 bp/fsmonitor later to maint).
+ (merge a6119f82b1 jk/test-hashmap-updates later to maint).
+ (merge 5aea9fe6cc rd/typofix later to maint).
+ (merge e4e5da2796 sb/status-doc-fix later to maint).
+ (merge 7976e901c8 gs/test-unset-xdg-cache-home later to maint).
+ (merge d023df1ee6 tg/worktree-create-tracking later to maint).
+ (merge 4cbe92fd41 sm/mv-dry-run-update later to maint).
+ (merge 75e5e9c3f7 sb/color-h-cleanup later to maint).
+ (merge 2708ef4af6 sg/t6300-modernize later to maint).
+ (merge d88e92d4e0 bw/doc-submodule-recurse-config-with-clone later to maint).
+ (merge f74bbc8dd2 jk/cached-commit-buffer later to maint).
+ (merge 1316416903 ms/non-ascii-ticks later to maint).
+ (merge 878056005e rs/strbuf-read-file-or-whine later to maint).
+ (merge 79f0ba1547 jk/strbuf-read-file-close-error later to maint).
+ (merge edfb8ba068 ot/ref-filter-cleanup later to maint).
+ (merge 11395a3b4b jc/test-must-be-empty later to maint).
+ (merge 768b9d6db7 mk/doc-pretty-fill later to maint).
+ (merge 2caa7b8d27 ab/man-sec-list later to maint).
+Submitting Patches
+==================
+
+== Guidelines
+
Here are some guidelines for people who want to contribute their code
to this software.
-(0) Decide what to base your work on.
+[[base-branch]]
+=== Decide what to base your work on.
In general, always base your work on the oldest branch that your
change is relevant to.
- - A bugfix should be based on 'maint' in general. If the bug is not
- present in 'maint', base it on 'master'. For a bug that's not yet
- in 'master', find the topic that introduces the regression, and
- base your work on the tip of the topic.
+* A bugfix should be based on `maint` in general. If the bug is not
+ present in `maint`, base it on `master`. For a bug that's not yet
+ in `master`, find the topic that introduces the regression, and
+ base your work on the tip of the topic.
- - A new feature should be based on 'master' in general. If the new
- feature depends on a topic that is in 'pu', but not in 'master',
- base your work on the tip of that topic.
+* A new feature should be based on `master` in general. If the new
+ feature depends on a topic that is in `pu`, but not in `master`,
+ base your work on the tip of that topic.
- - Corrections and enhancements to a topic not yet in 'master' should
- be based on the tip of that topic. If the topic has not been merged
- to 'next', it's alright to add a note to squash minor corrections
- into the series.
+* Corrections and enhancements to a topic not yet in `master` should
+ be based on the tip of that topic. If the topic has not been merged
+ to `next`, it's alright to add a note to squash minor corrections
+ into the series.
- - In the exceptional case that a new feature depends on several topics
- not in 'master', start working on 'next' or 'pu' privately and send
- out patches for discussion. Before the final merge, you may have to
- wait until some of the dependent topics graduate to 'master', and
- rebase your work.
+* In the exceptional case that a new feature depends on several topics
+ not in `master`, start working on `next` or `pu` privately and send
+ out patches for discussion. Before the final merge, you may have to
+ wait until some of the dependent topics graduate to `master`, and
+ rebase your work.
- - Some parts of the system have dedicated maintainers with their own
- repositories (see the section "Subsystems" below). Changes to
- these parts should be based on their trees.
+* Some parts of the system have dedicated maintainers with their own
+ repositories (see the section "Subsystems" below). Changes to
+ these parts should be based on their trees.
-To find the tip of a topic branch, run "git log --first-parent
-master..pu" and look for the merge commit. The second parent of this
+To find the tip of a topic branch, run `git log --first-parent
+master..pu` and look for the merge commit. The second parent of this
commit is the tip of the topic branch.
-(1) Make separate commits for logically separate changes.
+[[separate-commits]]
+=== Make separate commits for logically separate changes.
Unless your patch is really trivial, you should not be sending
out a patch that was generated between your working tree and
to have.
Make sure that you have tests for the bug you are fixing. See
-t/README for guidance.
+`t/README` for guidance.
+[[tests]]
When adding a new feature, make sure that you have new tests to show
the feature triggers the new behavior when it should, and to show the
feature does not trigger when it shouldn't. After any code change, make
more welcomed ("teh -> "the"), preferably submitted as independent
patches separate from other documentation changes.
+[[whitespace-check]]
Oh, another thing. We are picky about whitespaces. Make sure your
changes do not trigger errors with the sample pre-commit hook shipped
-in templates/hooks--pre-commit. To help ensure this does not happen,
-run "git diff --check" on your changes before you commit.
+in `templates/hooks--pre-commit`. To help ensure this does not happen,
+run `git diff --check` on your changes before you commit.
-
-(2) Describe your changes well.
+[[describe-changes]]
+=== Describe your changes well.
The first line of the commit message should be a short description (50
-characters is the soft limit, see DISCUSSION in git-commit(1)), and
-should skip the full stop. It is also conventional in most cases to
+characters is the soft limit, see DISCUSSION in linkgit:git-commit[1]),
+and should skip the full stop. It is also conventional in most cases to
prefix the first line with "area: " where the area is a filename or
identifier for the general area of the code being modified, e.g.
- . doc: clarify distinction between sign-off and pgp-signing
- . githooks.txt: improve the intro section
+* doc: clarify distinction between sign-off and pgp-signing
+* githooks.txt: improve the intro section
-If in doubt which identifier to use, run "git log --no-merges" on the
+If in doubt which identifier to use, run `git log --no-merges` on the
files you are modifying to see the current conventions.
+[[summary-section]]
It's customary to start the remainder of the first line after "area: "
with a lower-case letter. E.g. "doc: clarify...", not "doc:
Clarify...", or "githooks.txt: improve...", not "githooks.txt:
Improve...".
+[[meaningful-message]]
The body should provide a meaningful commit message, which:
- . explains the problem the change tries to solve, i.e. what is wrong
- with the current code without the change.
+. explains the problem the change tries to solve, i.e. what is wrong
+ with the current code without the change.
- . justifies the way the change solves the problem, i.e. why the
- result with the change is better.
+. justifies the way the change solves the problem, i.e. why the
+ result with the change is better.
- . alternate solutions considered but discarded, if any.
+. alternate solutions considered but discarded, if any.
+[[imperative-mood]]
Describe your changes in imperative mood, e.g. "make xyzzy do frotz"
instead of "[This patch] makes xyzzy do frotz" or "[I] changed xyzzy
to do frotz", as if you are giving orders to the codebase to change
without external resources. Instead of giving a URL to a mailing list
archive, summarize the relevant points of the discussion.
+[[commit-reference]]
If you want to reference a previous commit in the history of a stable
branch, use the format "abbreviated sha1 (subject, date)",
with the subject enclosed in a pair of double-quotes, like this:
- Commit f86a374 ("pack-bitmap.c: fix a memleak", 2015-03-30)
- noticed that ...
+....
+ Commit f86a374 ("pack-bitmap.c: fix a memleak", 2015-03-30)
+ noticed that ...
+....
The "Copy commit summary" command of gitk can be used to obtain this
-format, or this invocation of "git show":
+format, or this invocation of `git show`:
- git show -s --date=short --pretty='format:%h ("%s", %ad)' <commit>
+....
+ git show -s --date=short --pretty='format:%h ("%s", %ad)' <commit>
+....
-(3) Generate your patch using Git tools out of your commits.
+[[git-tools]]
+=== Generate your patch using Git tools out of your commits.
Git based diff tools generate unidiff which is the preferred format.
-You do not have to be afraid to use -M option to "git diff" or
-"git format-patch", if your patch involves file renames. The
+You do not have to be afraid to use `-M` option to `git diff` or
+`git format-patch`, if your patch involves file renames. The
receiving end can handle them just fine.
+[[review-patch]]
Please make sure your patch does not add commented out debugging code,
or include any extra files which do not relate to what your patch
is trying to achieve. Make sure to review
your patch after generating it, to ensure accuracy. Before
-sending out, please make sure it cleanly applies to the "master"
+sending out, please make sure it cleanly applies to the `master`
branch head. If you are preparing a work based on "next" branch,
that is fine, but please mark it as such.
-
-(4) Sending your patches.
+[[send-patches]]
+=== Sending your patches.
Learn to use format-patch and send-email if possible. These commands
are optimized for the workflow of sending patches, avoiding many ways
It is a common convention to prefix your subject line with
[PATCH]. This lets people easily distinguish patches from other
-e-mail discussions. Use of additional markers after PATCH and
-the closing bracket to mark the nature of the patch is also
-encouraged. E.g. [PATCH/RFC] is often used when the patch is
-not ready to be applied but it is for discussion, [PATCH v2],
-[PATCH v3] etc. are often seen when you are sending an update to
-what you have previously sent.
-
-"git format-patch" command follows the best current practice to
+e-mail discussions. Use of markers in addition to PATCH within
+the brackets to describe the nature of the patch is also
+encouraged. E.g. [RFC PATCH] (where RFC stands for "request for
+comments") is often used to indicate a patch needs further
+discussion before being accepted, [PATCH v2], [PATCH v3] etc.
+are often seen when you are sending an update to what you have
+previously sent.
+
+The `git format-patch` command follows the best current practice to
format the body of an e-mail message. At the beginning of the
patch should come your commit message, ending with the
Signed-off-by: lines, and a line that consists of three dashes,
you are forwarding a patch from somebody else, optionally, at
the beginning of the e-mail message just before the commit
message starts, you can put a "From: " line to name that person.
+To change the default "[PATCH]" in the subject to "[<text>]", use
+`git format-patch --subject-prefix=<text>`. As a shortcut, you
+can use `--rfc` instead of `--subject-prefix="RFC PATCH"`, or
+`-v <n>` instead of `--subject-prefix="PATCH v<n>"`.
You often want to add additional explanation about the patch,
other than the commit message itself. Place such "cover letter"
Git-notes and inserted automatically following the three-dash
line via `git format-patch --notes`.
+[[attachment]]
Do not attach the patch as a MIME attachment, compressed or not.
Do not let your e-mail client send quoted-printable. Do not let
your e-mail client send format=flowed which would destroy
Exception: If your mailer is mangling patches then someone may ask
you to re-send them using MIME, that is OK.
+[[pgp-signature]]
Do not PGP sign your patch. Most likely, your maintainer or other people on the
list would not have your PGP key and would not bother obtaining it anyway.
Your patch is not judged by who you are; a good patch from an unknown origin
If you really really really really want to do a PGP signed
patch, format it as "multipart/signed", not a text/plain message
-that starts with '-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----'. That is
+that starts with `-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----`. That is
not a text/plain, it's something else.
Send your patch with "To:" set to the mailing list, with "cc:" listing
people who are involved in the area you are touching (the output from
-"git blame $path" and "git shortlog --no-merges $path" would help to
+`git blame $path` and `git shortlog --no-merges $path` would help to
identify them), to solicit comments and reviews.
+:1: footnote:[The current maintainer: gitster@pobox.com]
+:2: footnote:[The mailing list: git@vger.kernel.org]
+
After the list reached a consensus that it is a good idea to apply the
-patch, re-send it with "To:" set to the maintainer [*1*] and "cc:" the
-list [*2*] for inclusion.
+patch, re-send it with "To:" set to the maintainer{1} and "cc:" the
+list{2} for inclusion.
-Do not forget to add trailers such as "Acked-by:", "Reviewed-by:" and
-"Tested-by:" lines as necessary to credit people who helped your
+Do not forget to add trailers such as `Acked-by:`, `Reviewed-by:` and
+`Tested-by:` lines as necessary to credit people who helped your
patch.
- [Addresses]
- *1* The current maintainer: gitster@pobox.com
- *2* The mailing list: git@vger.kernel.org
-
-
-(5) Certify your work by adding your "Signed-off-by: " line
+[[sign-off]]
+=== Certify your work by adding your "Signed-off-by: " line
To improve tracking of who did what, we've borrowed the
"sign-off" procedure from the Linux kernel project on patches
the right to pass it on as a open-source patch. The rules are
pretty simple: if you can certify the below D-C-O:
- Developer's Certificate of Origin 1.1
-
- By making a contribution to this project, I certify that:
-
- (a) The contribution was created in whole or in part by me and I
- have the right to submit it under the open source license
- indicated in the file; or
-
- (b) The contribution is based upon previous work that, to the best
- of my knowledge, is covered under an appropriate open source
- license and I have the right under that license to submit that
- work with modifications, whether created in whole or in part
- by me, under the same open source license (unless I am
- permitted to submit under a different license), as indicated
- in the file; or
-
- (c) The contribution was provided directly to me by some other
- person who certified (a), (b) or (c) and I have not modified
- it.
-
- (d) I understand and agree that this project and the contribution
- are public and that a record of the contribution (including all
- personal information I submit with it, including my sign-off) is
- maintained indefinitely and may be redistributed consistent with
- this project or the open source license(s) involved.
+[[dco]]
+.Developer's Certificate of Origin 1.1
+____
+By making a contribution to this project, I certify that:
+
+a. The contribution was created in whole or in part by me and I
+ have the right to submit it under the open source license
+ indicated in the file; or
+
+b. The contribution is based upon previous work that, to the best
+ of my knowledge, is covered under an appropriate open source
+ license and I have the right under that license to submit that
+ work with modifications, whether created in whole or in part
+ by me, under the same open source license (unless I am
+ permitted to submit under a different license), as indicated
+ in the file; or
+
+c. The contribution was provided directly to me by some other
+ person who certified (a), (b) or (c) and I have not modified
+ it.
+
+d. I understand and agree that this project and the contribution
+ are public and that a record of the contribution (including all
+ personal information I submit with it, including my sign-off) is
+ maintained indefinitely and may be redistributed consistent with
+ this project or the open source license(s) involved.
+____
then you just add a line saying
- Signed-off-by: Random J Developer <random@developer.example.org>
+....
+ Signed-off-by: Random J Developer <random@developer.example.org>
+....
This line can be automatically added by Git if you run the git-commit
command with the -s option.
place an in-body "From: " line at the beginning to properly attribute
the change to its true author (see (2) above).
+[[real-name]]
Also notice that a real name is used in the Signed-off-by: line. Please
don't hide your real name.
+[[commit-trailers]]
If you like, you can put extra tags at the end:
-1. "Reported-by:" is used to credit someone who found the bug that
- the patch attempts to fix.
-2. "Acked-by:" says that the person who is more familiar with the area
- the patch attempts to modify liked the patch.
-3. "Reviewed-by:", unlike the other tags, can only be offered by the
- reviewer and means that she is completely satisfied that the patch
- is ready for application. It is usually offered only after a
- detailed review.
-4. "Tested-by:" is used to indicate that the person applied the patch
- and found it to have the desired effect.
+. `Reported-by:` is used to credit someone who found the bug that
+ the patch attempts to fix.
+. `Acked-by:` says that the person who is more familiar with the area
+ the patch attempts to modify liked the patch.
+. `Reviewed-by:`, unlike the other tags, can only be offered by the
+ reviewer and means that she is completely satisfied that the patch
+ is ready for application. It is usually offered only after a
+ detailed review.
+. `Tested-by:` is used to indicate that the person applied the patch
+ and found it to have the desired effect.
You can also create your own tag or use one that's in common usage
such as "Thanks-to:", "Based-on-patch-by:", or "Mentored-by:".
-------------------------------------------------
-Subsystems with dedicated maintainers
+== Subsystems with dedicated maintainers
Some parts of the system have dedicated maintainers with their own
repositories.
- - git-gui/ comes from git-gui project, maintained by Pat Thoyts:
+- 'git-gui/' comes from git-gui project, maintained by Pat Thoyts:
- git://repo.or.cz/git-gui.git
+ git://repo.or.cz/git-gui.git
- - gitk-git/ comes from Paul Mackerras's gitk project:
+- 'gitk-git/' comes from Paul Mackerras's gitk project:
- git://ozlabs.org/~paulus/gitk
+ git://ozlabs.org/~paulus/gitk
- - po/ comes from the localization coordinator, Jiang Xin:
+- 'po/' comes from the localization coordinator, Jiang Xin:
https://github.com/git-l10n/git-po/
Patches to these parts should be based on their trees.
-------------------------------------------------
-An ideal patch flow
+[[patch-flow]]
+== An ideal patch flow
Here is an ideal patch flow for this project the current maintainer
suggests to the contributors:
- (0) You come up with an itch. You code it up.
+. You come up with an itch. You code it up.
- (1) Send it to the list and cc people who may need to know about
- the change.
+. Send it to the list and cc people who may need to know about
+ the change.
++
+The people who may need to know are the ones whose code you
+are butchering. These people happen to be the ones who are
+most likely to be knowledgeable enough to help you, but
+they have no obligation to help you (i.e. you ask for help,
+don't demand). +git log -p {litdd} _$area_you_are_modifying_+ would
+help you find out who they are.
- The people who may need to know are the ones whose code you
- are butchering. These people happen to be the ones who are
- most likely to be knowledgeable enough to help you, but
- they have no obligation to help you (i.e. you ask for help,
- don't demand). "git log -p -- $area_you_are_modifying" would
- help you find out who they are.
+. You get comments and suggestions for improvements. You may
+ even get them in a "on top of your change" patch form.
- (2) You get comments and suggestions for improvements. You may
- even get them in a "on top of your change" patch form.
+. Polish, refine, and re-send to the list and the people who
+ spend their time to improve your patch. Go back to step (2).
- (3) Polish, refine, and re-send to the list and the people who
- spend their time to improve your patch. Go back to step (2).
+. The list forms consensus that the last round of your patch is
+ good. Send it to the maintainer and cc the list.
- (4) The list forms consensus that the last round of your patch is
- good. Send it to the maintainer and cc the list.
-
- (5) A topic branch is created with the patch and is merged to 'next',
- and cooked further and eventually graduates to 'master'.
+. A topic branch is created with the patch and is merged to `next`,
+ and cooked further and eventually graduates to `master`.
In any time between the (2)-(3) cycle, the maintainer may pick it up
-from the list and queue it to 'pu', in order to make it easier for
+from the list and queue it to `pu`, in order to make it easier for
people play with it without having to pick up and apply the patch to
their trees themselves.
-------------------------------------------------
-Know the status of your patch after submission
+[[patch-status]]
+== Know the status of your patch after submission
* You can use Git itself to find out when your patch is merged in
- master. 'git pull --rebase' will automatically skip already-applied
+ master. `git pull --rebase` will automatically skip already-applied
patches, and will let you know. This works only if you rebase on top
of the branch in which your patch has been merged (i.e. it will not
tell you if your patch is merged in pu if you rebase on top of
entitled "What's cooking in git.git" and "What's in git.git" giving
the status of various proposed changes.
---------------------------------------------------
-GitHub-Travis CI hints
+[[travis]]
+== GitHub-Travis CI hints
With an account at GitHub (you can get one for free to work on open
source projects), you can use Travis CI to test your changes on Linux,
Follow these steps for the initial setup:
- (1) Fork https://github.com/git/git to your GitHub account.
- You can find detailed instructions how to fork here:
- https://help.github.com/articles/fork-a-repo/
+. Fork https://github.com/git/git to your GitHub account.
+ You can find detailed instructions how to fork here:
+ https://help.github.com/articles/fork-a-repo/
- (2) Open the Travis CI website: https://travis-ci.org
+. Open the Travis CI website: https://travis-ci.org
- (3) Press the "Sign in with GitHub" button.
+. Press the "Sign in with GitHub" button.
- (4) Grant Travis CI permissions to access your GitHub account.
- You can find more information about the required permissions here:
- https://docs.travis-ci.com/user/github-oauth-scopes
+. Grant Travis CI permissions to access your GitHub account.
+ You can find more information about the required permissions here:
+ https://docs.travis-ci.com/user/github-oauth-scopes
- (5) Open your Travis CI profile page: https://travis-ci.org/profile
+. Open your Travis CI profile page: https://travis-ci.org/profile
- (6) Enable Travis CI builds for your Git fork.
+. Enable Travis CI builds for your Git fork.
After the initial setup, Travis CI will run whenever you push new changes
to your fork of Git on GitHub. You can monitor the test state of all your
-branches here: https://travis-ci.org/<Your GitHub handle>/git/branches
+branches here: https://travis-ci.org/__<Your GitHub handle>__/git/branches
If a branch did not pass all test cases then it is marked with a red
cross. In that case you can click on the failing Travis CI job and
Fix the problem and push your fix to your Git fork. This will trigger
a new Travis CI build to ensure all tests pass.
-
-------------------------------------------------
-MUA specific hints
+[[mua]]
+== MUA specific hints
Some of patches I receive or pick up from the list share common
patterns of breakage. Please make sure your MUA is set up
properly not to corrupt whitespaces.
-See the DISCUSSION section of git-format-patch(1) for hints on
+See the DISCUSSION section of linkgit:git-format-patch[1] for hints on
checking your patch by mailing it to yourself and applying with
-git-am(1).
+linkgit:git-am[1].
While you are at it, check the resulting commit log message from
a trial run of applying the patch. If what is in the resulting
commit message.
-Pine
-----
+=== Pine
(Johannes Schindelin)
+....
I don't know how many people still use pine, but for those poor
souls it may be good to mention that the quell-flowed-text is
needed for recent versions.
... the "no-strip-whitespace-before-send" option, too. AFAIK it
was introduced in 4.60.
+....
(Linus Torvalds)
+....
And 4.58 needs at least this.
----
diff-tree 8326dd8350be64ac7fc805f6563a1d61ad10d32c (from e886a61f76edf5410573e92e38ce22974f9c40f1)
Author: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@g5.osdl.org>
Date: Mon Aug 15 17:23:51 2005 -0700
+#endif
c |= COMP_EXIT;
break;
-
+....
(Daniel Barkalow)
+....
> A patch to SubmittingPatches, MUA specific help section for
> users of Pine 4.63 would be very much appreciated.
"no-strip-whitespace-before-send" option, unless the option you have is
"strip-whitespace-before-send", in which case you should avoid checking
it.
+....
+=== Thunderbird, KMail, GMail
-Thunderbird, KMail, GMail
--------------------------
-
-See the MUA-SPECIFIC HINTS section of git-format-patch(1).
+See the MUA-SPECIFIC HINTS section of linkgit:git-format-patch[1].
-Gnus
-----
+=== Gnus
-'|' in the *Summary* buffer can be used to pipe the current
+"|" in the `*Summary*` buffer can be used to pipe the current
message to an external program, and this is a handy way to drive
-"git am". However, if the message is MIME encoded, what is
+`git am`. However, if the message is MIME encoded, what is
piped into the program is the representation you see in your
-*Article* buffer after unwrapping MIME. This is often not what
+`*Article*` buffer after unwrapping MIME. This is often not what
you would want for two reasons. It tends to screw up non ASCII
characters (most notably in people's names), and also
-whitespaces (fatal in patches). Running 'C-u g' to display the
-message in raw form before using '|' to run the pipe can work
+whitespaces (fatal in patches). Running "C-u g" to display the
+message in raw form before using "|" to run the pipe can work
this problem around.
--------
Subsection names are case sensitive and can contain any characters except
-newline (doublequote `"` and backslash can be included by escaping them
-as `\"` and `\\`, respectively). Section headers cannot span multiple
-lines. Variables may belong directly to a section or to a given subsection.
-You can have `[section]` if you have `[section "subsection"]`, but you
-don't need to.
+newline and the null byte. Doublequote `"` and backslash can be included
+by escaping them as `\"` and `\\`, respectively. Backslashes preceding
+other characters are dropped when reading; for example, `\t` is read as
+`t` and `\0` is read as `0` Section headers cannot span multiple lines.
+Variables may belong directly to a section or to a given subsection. You
+can have `[section]` if you have `[section "subsection"]`, but you don't
+need to.
There is also a deprecated `[section.subsection]` syntax. With this
syntax, the subsection name is converted to lower-case and is also
addEmbeddedRepo::
Advice on what to do when you've accidentally added one
git repo inside of another.
+ ignoredHook::
+ Advice shown if an hook is ignored because the hook is not
+ set as executable.
+ waitingForEditor::
+ Print a message to the terminal whenever Git is waiting for
+ editor input from the user.
--
core.fileMode::
8.3 "short" names.
Defaults to `true` on Windows, and `false` elsewhere.
+core.fsmonitor::
+ If set, the value of this variable is used as a command which
+ will identify all files that may have changed since the
+ requested date/time. This information is used to speed up git by
+ avoiding unnecessary processing of files that have not changed.
+ See the "fsmonitor-watchman" section of linkgit:githooks[5].
+
core.trustctime::
If false, the ctime differences between the index and the
working tree are ignored; useful when the inode change time
Tells 'git apply' how to handle whitespaces, in the same way
as the `--whitespace` option. See linkgit:git-apply[1].
+blame.showRoot::
+ Do not treat root commits as boundaries in linkgit:git-blame[1].
+ This option defaults to false.
+
+blame.blankBoundary::
+ Show blank commit object name for boundary commits in
+ linkgit:git-blame[1]. This option defaults to false.
+
+blame.showEmail::
+ Show the author email instead of author name in linkgit:git-blame[1].
+ This option defaults to false.
+
+blame.date::
+ Specifies the format used to output dates in linkgit:git-blame[1].
+ If unset the iso format is used. For supported values,
+ see the discussion of the `--date` option at linkgit:git-log[1].
+
branch.autoSetupMerge::
Tells 'git branch' and 'git checkout' to set up new branches
so that linkgit:git-pull[1] will appropriately merge from the
fetch.prune::
If true, fetch will automatically behave as if the `--prune`
- option was given on the command line. See also `remote.<name>.prune`.
+ option was given on the command line. See also `remote.<name>.prune`
+ and the PRUNING section of linkgit:git-fetch[1].
+
+fetch.pruneTags::
+ If true, fetch will automatically behave as if the
+ `refs/tags/*:refs/tags/*` refspec was provided when pruning,
+ if not set already. This allows for setting both this option
+ and `fetch.prune` to maintain a 1=1 mapping to upstream
+ refs. See also `remote.<name>.pruneTags` and the PRUNING
+ section of linkgit:git-fetch[1].
fetch.output::
Control how ref update status is printed. Valid values are
http.sslVerify::
Whether to verify the SSL certificate when fetching or pushing
- over HTTPS. Can be overridden by the `GIT_SSL_NO_VERIFY` environment
- variable.
+ over HTTPS. Defaults to true. Can be overridden by the
+ `GIT_SSL_NO_VERIFY` environment variable.
http.sslCert::
File containing the SSL certificate when fetching or pushing
visited as a result of a redirection do not participate in matching.
ssh.variant::
- Depending on the value of the environment variables `GIT_SSH` or
- `GIT_SSH_COMMAND`, or the config setting `core.sshCommand`, Git
- auto-detects whether to adjust its command-line parameters for use
- with plink or tortoiseplink, as opposed to the default (OpenSSH).
+ By default, Git determines the command line arguments to use
+ based on the basename of the configured SSH command (configured
+ using the environment variable `GIT_SSH` or `GIT_SSH_COMMAND` or
+ the config setting `core.sshCommand`). If the basename is
+ unrecognized, Git will attempt to detect support of OpenSSH
+ options by first invoking the configured SSH command with the
+ `-G` (print configuration) option and will subsequently use
+ OpenSSH options (if that is successful) or no options besides
+ the host and remote command (if it fails).
++
+The config variable `ssh.variant` can be set to override this detection.
+Valid values are `ssh` (to use OpenSSH options), `plink`, `putty`,
+`tortoiseplink`, `simple` (no options except the host and remote command).
+The default auto-detection can be explicitly requested using the value
+`auto`. Any other value is treated as `ssh`. This setting can also be
+overridden via the environment variable `GIT_SSH_VARIANT`.
++
+The current command-line parameters used for each variant are as
+follows:
+
-The config variable `ssh.variant` can be set to override this auto-detection;
-valid values are `ssh`, `plink`, `putty` or `tortoiseplink`. Any other value
-will be treated as normal ssh. This setting can be overridden via the
-environment variable `GIT_SSH_VARIANT`.
+--
+
+* `ssh` - [-p port] [-4] [-6] [-o option] [username@]host command
+
+* `simple` - [username@]host command
+
+* `plink` or `putty` - [-P port] [-4] [-6] [username@]host command
+
+* `tortoiseplink` - [-P port] [-4] [-6] -batch [username@]host command
+
+--
++
+Except for the `simple` variant, command-line parameters are likely to
+change as git gains new features.
i18n.commitEncoding::
Character encoding the commit messages are stored in; Git itself
`hg` to allow the `git-remote-hg` helper)
--
+protocol.version::
+ Experimental. If set, clients will attempt to communicate with a
+ server using the specified protocol version. If unset, no
+ attempt will be made by the client to communicate using a
+ particular protocol version, this results in protocol version 0
+ being used.
+ Supported versions:
++
+--
+
+* `0` - the original wire protocol.
+
+* `1` - the original wire protocol with the addition of a version string
+ in the initial response from the server.
+
+--
+
pull.ff::
By default, Git does not create an extra merge commit when merging
a commit that is a descendant of the current commit. Instead, the
override a value from a lower-priority config file. An explicit
command-line flag always overrides this config option.
+push.pushOption::
+ When no `--push-option=<option>` argument is given from the
+ command line, `git push` behaves as if each <value> of
+ this variable is given as `--push-option=<value>`.
++
+This is a multi-valued variable, and an empty value can be used in a
+higher priority configuration file (e.g. `.git/config` in a
+repository) to clear the values inherited from a lower priority
+configuration files (e.g. `$HOME/.gitconfig`).
++
+--
+
+Example:
+
+/etc/gitconfig
+ push.pushoption = a
+ push.pushoption = b
+
+~/.gitconfig
+ push.pushoption = c
+
+repo/.git/config
+ push.pushoption =
+ push.pushoption = b
+
+This will result in only b (a and c are cleared).
+
+--
+
push.recurseSubmodules::
Make sure all submodule commits used by the revisions to be pushed
are available on a remote-tracking branch. If the value is 'check'
is retained. You may override this configuration at time of push by
specifying '--recurse-submodules=check|on-demand|no'.
-rebase.stat::
- Whether to show a diffstat of what changed upstream since the last
- rebase. False by default.
-
-rebase.autoSquash::
- If set to true enable `--autosquash` option by default.
-
-rebase.autoStash::
- When set to true, automatically create a temporary stash entry
- before the operation begins, and apply it after the operation
- ends. This means that you can run rebase on a dirty worktree.
- However, use with care: the final stash application after a
- successful rebase might result in non-trivial conflicts.
- Defaults to false.
-
-rebase.missingCommitsCheck::
- If set to "warn", git rebase -i will print a warning if some
- commits are removed (e.g. a line was deleted), however the
- rebase will still proceed. If set to "error", it will print
- the previous warning and stop the rebase, 'git rebase
- --edit-todo' can then be used to correct the error. If set to
- "ignore", no checking is done.
- To drop a commit without warning or error, use the `drop`
- command in the todo-list.
- Defaults to "ignore".
-
-rebase.instructionFormat::
- A format string, as specified in linkgit:git-log[1], to be used for
- the instruction list during an interactive rebase. The format will automatically
- have the long commit hash prepended to the format.
+include::rebase-config.txt[]
receive.advertiseAtomic::
By default, git-receive-pack will advertise the atomic push
remote (as if the `--prune` option was given on the command line).
Overrides `fetch.prune` settings, if any.
+remote.<name>.pruneTags::
+ When set to true, fetching from this remote by default will also
+ remove any local tags that no longer exist on the remote if pruning
+ is activated in general via `remote.<name>.prune`, `fetch.prune` or
+ `--prune`. Overrides `fetch.pruneTags` settings, if any.
++
+See also `remote.<name>.prune` and the PRUNING section of
+linkgit:git-fetch[1].
+
remotes.<group>::
The list of remotes which are fetched by "git remote update
<group>". See linkgit:git-remote[1].
sendemail.suppresscc::
sendemail.suppressFrom::
sendemail.to::
+sendemail.tocmd::
sendemail.smtpDomain::
sendemail.smtpServer::
sendemail.smtpServerPort::
submodule.recurse::
Specifies if commands recurse into submodules by default. This
- applies to all commands that have a `--recurse-submodules` option.
+ applies to all commands that have a `--recurse-submodules` option,
+ except `clone`.
Defaults to false.
submodule.fetchJobs::
was run. I.e., `upload-pack` will feed input intended for
`pack-objects` to the hook, and expects a completed packfile on
stdout.
+
+uploadpack.allowFilter::
+ If this option is set, `upload-pack` will advertise partial
+ clone and partial fetch object filtering.
+
Note that this configuration variable is ignored if it is seen in the
repository-level config (this is a safety measure against fetching from
Specify a web browser that may be used by some commands.
Currently only linkgit:git-instaweb[1] and linkgit:git-help[1]
may use it.
+
+worktree.guessRemote::
+ With `add`, if no branch argument, and neither of `-b` nor
+ `-B` nor `--detach` are given, the command defaults to
+ creating a new branch from HEAD. If `worktree.guessRemote` is
+ set to true, `worktree add` tries to find a remote-tracking
+ branch whose name uniquely matches the new branch name. If
+ such a branch exists, it is checked out and set as "upstream"
+ for the new branch. If no such match can be found, it falls
+ back to creating a new branch from the current HEAD.
+++ /dev/null
---indent-heuristic::
---no-indent-heuristic::
- These are to help debugging and tuning experimental heuristics
- (which are off by default) that shift diff hunk boundaries to
- make patches easier to read.
Synonym for `-p --raw`.
endif::git-format-patch[]
-include::diff-heuristic-options.txt[]
+--indent-heuristic::
+ Enable the heuristic that shift diff hunk boundaries to make patches
+ easier to read. This is the default.
+
+--no-indent-heuristic::
+ Disable the indent heuristic.
--minimal::
Spend extra time to make sure the smallest possible
--histogram::
Generate a diff using the "histogram diff" algorithm.
+--anchored=<text>::
+ Generate a diff using the "anchored diff" algorithm.
++
+This option may be specified more than once.
++
+If a line exists in both the source and destination, exists only once,
+and starts with this text, this algorithm attempts to prevent it from
+appearing as a deletion or addition in the output. It uses the "patience
+diff" algorithm internally.
+
--diff-algorithm={patience|minimal|histogram|myers}::
Choose a diff algorithm. The variants are as follows:
+
These parameters can also be set individually with `--stat-width=<width>`,
`--stat-name-width=<name-width>` and `--stat-count=<count>`.
+--compact-summary::
+ Output a condensed summary of extended header information such
+ as file creations or deletions ("new" or "gone", optionally "+l"
+ if it's a symlink) and mode changes ("+x" or "-x" for adding
+ or removing executable bit respectively) in diffstat. The
+ information is put betwen the filename part and the graph
+ part. Implies `--stat`.
+
--numstat::
Similar to `--stat`, but shows number of added and
deleted lines in decimal notation and pathname without
+
Also, these upper-case letters can be downcased to exclude. E.g.
`--diff-filter=ad` excludes added and deleted paths.
++
+Note that not all diffs can feature all types. For instance, diffs
+from the index to the working tree can never have Added entries
+(because the set of paths included in the diff is limited by what is in
+the index). Similarly, copied and renamed entries cannot appear if
+detection for those types is disabled.
-S<string>::
Look for differences that change the number of occurrences of
See the 'pickaxe' entry in linkgit:gitdiffcore[7] for more
information.
+--find-object=<object-id>::
+ Look for differences that change the number of occurrences of
+ the specified object. Similar to `-S`, just the argument is different
+ in that it doesn't search for a specific string but for a specific
+ object id.
++
+The object can be a blob or a submodule commit. It implies the `-t` option in
+`git-log` to also find trees.
+
--pickaxe-all::
When `-S` or `-G` finds a change, show all the changes in that
changeset, not just the files that contain the change
--pickaxe-regex::
Treat the <string> given to `-S` as an extended POSIX regular
expression to match.
+
endif::git-format-patch[]
-O<orderfile>::
--text::
Treat all files as text.
+--ignore-cr-at-eol::
+ Ignore carrige-return at the end of line when doing a comparison.
+
--ignore-space-at-eol::
Ignore changes in whitespace at EOL.
are fetched due to an explicit refspec (either on the command
line or in the remote configuration, for example if the remote
was cloned with the --mirror option), then they are also
- subject to pruning.
+ subject to pruning. Supplying `--prune-tags` is a shorthand for
+ providing the tag refspec.
++
+See the PRUNING section below for more details.
+
+-P::
+--prune-tags::
+ Before fetching, remove any local tags that no longer exist on
+ the remote if `--prune` is enabled. This option should be used
+ more carefully, unlike `--prune` it will remove any local
+ references (local tags) that have been created. This option is
+ a shorthand for providing the explicit tag refspec along with
+ `--prune`, see the discussion about that in its documentation.
++
+See the PRUNING section below for more details.
+
endif::git-pull[]
ifndef::git-pull[]
[verse]
'git add' [--verbose | -v] [--dry-run | -n] [--force | -f] [--interactive | -i] [--patch | -p]
[--edit | -e] [--[no-]all | --[no-]ignore-removal | [--update | -u]]
- [--intent-to-add | -N] [--refresh] [--ignore-errors] [--ignore-missing]
+ [--intent-to-add | -N] [--refresh] [--ignore-errors] [--ignore-missing] [--renormalize]
[--chmod=(+|-)x] [--] [<pathspec>...]
DESCRIPTION
warning (e.g., if you are manually performing operations on
submodules).
+--renormalize::
+ Apply the "clean" process freshly to all tracked files to
+ forcibly add them again to the index. This is useful after
+ changing `core.autocrlf` configuration or the `text` attribute
+ in order to correct files added with wrong CRLF/LF line endings.
+ This option implies `-u`.
+
--chmod=(+|-)x::
Override the executable bit of the added files. The executable
bit is only changed in the index, the files on disk are left
[--exclude=<path>] [--include=<path>] [--reject] [-q | --quiet]
[--[no-]scissors] [-S[<keyid>]] [--patch-format=<format>]
[(<mbox> | <Maildir>)...]
-'git am' (--continue | --skip | --abort)
+'git am' (--continue | --skip | --abort | --quit | --show-current-patch)
DESCRIPTION
-----------
--abort::
Restore the original branch and abort the patching operation.
+--quit::
+ Abort the patching operation but keep HEAD and the index
+ untouched.
+
+--show-current-patch::
+ Show the patch being applied when "git am" is stopped because
+ of conflicts.
+
DISCUSSION
----------
OPTIONS
-------
include::blame-options.txt[]
-include::diff-heuristic-options.txt[]
SEE ALSO
--------
git bisect terms [--term-good | --term-bad]
git bisect skip [(<rev>|<range>)...]
git bisect reset [<commit>]
- git bisect visualize
+ git bisect (visualize|view)
git bisect replay <logfile>
git bisect log
git bisect run <cmd>...
Then, use `git bisect <term-old>` and `git bisect <term-new>` instead
of `git bisect good` and `git bisect bad` to mark commits.
-Bisect visualize
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+Bisect visualize/view
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
To see the currently remaining suspects in 'gitk', issue the following
-command during the bisection process:
+command during the bisection process (the subcommand `view` can be used
+as an alternative to `visualize`):
------------
$ git bisect visualize
------------
-`view` may also be used as a synonym for `visualize`.
-
If the `DISPLAY` environment variable is not set, 'git log' is used
instead. You can also give command-line options such as `-p` and
`--stat`.
------------
-$ git bisect view --stat
+$ git bisect visualize --stat
------------
Bisect log and bisect replay
abbreviated object name, use <n>+1 digits. Note that 1 column
is used for a caret to mark the boundary commit.
-include::diff-heuristic-options.txt[]
-
THE PORCELAIN FORMAT
--------------------
[(--merged | --no-merged) [<commit>]]
[--contains [<commit]] [--no-contains [<commit>]]
[--points-at <object>] [--format=<format>] [<pattern>...]
-'git branch' [--set-upstream | --track | --no-track] [-l] [-f] <branchname> [<start-point>]
+'git branch' [--track | --no-track] [-l] [-f] <branchname> [<start-point>]
'git branch' (--set-upstream-to=<upstream> | -u <upstream>) [<branchname>]
'git branch' --unset-upstream [<branchname>]
'git branch' (-m | -M) [<oldbranch>] <newbranch>
--delete::
Delete a branch. The branch must be fully merged in its
upstream branch, or in `HEAD` if no upstream was set with
- `--track` or `--set-upstream`.
+ `--track` or `--set-upstream-to`.
-D::
Shortcut for `--delete --force`.
and the object it points at. The format is the same as
that of linkgit:git-for-each-ref[1].
+CONFIGURATION
+-------------
+`pager.branch` is only respected when listing branches, i.e., when
+`--list` is used or implied. The default is to use a pager.
+See linkgit:git-config[1].
+
Examples
--------
<object>.
-e::
- Suppress all output; instead exit with zero status if <object>
- exists and is a valid object.
+ Exit with zero status if <object> exists and is a valid
+ object. If <object> is of an invalid format exit with non-zero and
+ emits an error on stderr.
-p::
Pretty-print the contents of <object> based on its type.
If `-s` is specified, the size of the <object> in bytes.
-If `-e` is specified, no output.
+If `-e` is specified, no output, unless the <object> is malformed.
If `-p` is specified, the contents of <object> are pretty-printed.
. at-open-brace `@{` is used as a notation to access a reflog entry.
-With the `--branch` option, it expands the ``previous branch syntax''
-`@{-n}`. For example, `@{-1}` is a way to refer the last branch you
-were on. This option should be used by porcelains to accept this
-syntax anywhere a branch name is expected, so they can act as if you
-typed the branch name.
+With the `--branch` option, the command takes a name and checks if
+it can be used as a valid branch name (e.g. when creating a new
+branch). But be cautious when using the
+previous checkout syntax that may refer to a detached HEAD state.
+The rule `git check-ref-format --branch $name` implements
+may be stricter than what `git check-ref-format refs/heads/$name`
+says (e.g. a dash may appear at the beginning of a ref component,
+but it is explicitly forbidden at the beginning of a branch name).
+When run with `--branch` option in a repository, the input is first
+expanded for the ``previous checkout syntax''
+`@{-n}`. For example, `@{-1}` is a way to refer the last thing that
+was checked out using "git checkout" operation. This option should be
+used by porcelains to accept this syntax anywhere a branch name is
+expected, so they can act as if you typed the branch name. As an
+exception note that, the ``previous checkout operation'' might result
+in a commit object name when the N-th last thing checked out was not
+a branch.
OPTIONS
-------
EXAMPLES
--------
-* Print the name of the previous branch:
+* Print the name of the previous thing checked out:
+
------------
$ git check-ref-format --branch @{-1}
local modifications in a submodule would be overwritten the checkout
will fail unless `-f` is used. If nothing (or --no-recurse-submodules)
is used, the work trees of submodules will not be updated.
+ Just like linkgit:git-submodule[1], this will detach the
+ submodules HEAD.
<branch>::
Branch to checkout; if it refers to a branch (i.e., a name that,
commit, your HEAD becomes "detached" and you are no longer on
any branch (see below for details).
+
-As a special case, the `"@{-N}"` syntax for the N-th last branch/commit
-checks out branches (instead of detaching). You may also specify
-`-` which is synonymous with `"@{-1}"`.
+You can use the `"@{-N}"` syntax to refer to the N-th last
+branch/commit checked out using "git checkout" operation. You may
+also specify `-` which is synonymous to `"@{-1}`.
+
-As a further special case, you may use `"A...B"` as a shortcut for the
+As a special case, you may use `"A...B"` as a shortcut for the
merge base of `A` and `B` if there is exactly one merge base. You can
leave out at most one of `A` and `B`, in which case it defaults to `HEAD`.
[-o <name>] [-b <name>] [-u <upload-pack>] [--reference <repository>]
[--dissociate] [--separate-git-dir <git dir>]
[--depth <depth>] [--[no-]single-branch] [--no-tags]
- [--recurse-submodules] [--[no-]shallow-submodules]
+ [--recurse-submodules[=<pathspec>]] [--[no-]shallow-submodules]
[--jobs <n>] [--] <repository> [<directory>]
DESCRIPTION
After the clone is created, initialize and clone submodules
within based on the provided pathspec. If no pathspec is
provided, all submodules are initialized and cloned.
- Submodules are initialized and cloned using their default
- settings. The resulting clone has `submodule.active` set to
+ This option can be given multiple times for pathspecs consisting
+ of multiple entries. The resulting clone has `submodule.active` set to
the provided pathspec, or "." (meaning all submodules) if no
- pathspec is provided. This is equivalent to running
- `git submodule update --init --recursive` immediately after
- the clone is finished. This option is ignored if the cloned
- repository does not have a worktree/checkout (i.e. if any of
- `--no-checkout`/`-n`, `--bare`, or `--mirror` is given)
+ pathspec is provided.
++
+Submodules are initialized and cloned using their default settings. This is
+equivalent to running
+`git submodule update --init --recursive <pathspec>` immediately after
+the clone is finished. This option is ignored if the cloned repository does
+not have a worktree/checkout (i.e. if any of `--no-checkout`/`-n`, `--bare`,
+or `--mirror` is given)
--[no-]shallow-submodules::
All submodules which are cloned will be shallow with a depth of 1.
Use the given <msg> as the commit message.
If multiple `-m` options are given, their values are
concatenated as separate paragraphs.
++
+The `-m` option is mutually exclusive with `-c`, `-C`, and `-F`.
-t <file>::
--template=<file>::
value (but you can use `git config section.variable ~/`
from the command line to let your shell do the expansion).
+--expiry-date::
+ `git config` will ensure that the output is converted from
+ a fixed or relative date-string to a timestamp. This option
+ has no effect when setting the value.
+
-z::
--null::
For all options that output values and/or keys, always
using `--file`, `--global`, etc) and `on` when searching all
config files.
+CONFIGURATION
+-------------
+`pager.config` is only respected when listing configuration, i.e., when
+using `--list` or any of the `--get-*` which may return multiple results.
+The default is to use a pager.
+
[[FILES]]
FILES
-----
[--inetd |
[--listen=<host_or_ipaddr>] [--port=<n>]
[--user=<user> [--group=<group>]]]
+ [--log-destination=(stderr|syslog|none)]
[<directory>...]
DESCRIPTION
do not have the 'git-daemon-export-ok' file.
--inetd::
- Have the server run as an inetd service. Implies --syslog.
+ Have the server run as an inetd service. Implies --syslog (may be
+ overridden with `--log-destination=`).
Incompatible with --detach, --port, --listen, --user and --group
options.
zero for no limit.
--syslog::
- Log to syslog instead of stderr. Note that this option does not imply
- --verbose, thus by default only error conditions will be logged.
+ Short for `--log-destination=syslog`.
+
+--log-destination=<destination>::
+ Send log messages to the specified destination.
+ Note that this option does not imply --verbose,
+ thus by default only error conditions will be logged.
+ The <destination> must be one of:
++
+--
+stderr::
+ Write to standard error.
+ Note that if `--detach` is specified,
+ the process disconnects from the real standard error,
+ making this destination effectively equivalent to `none`.
+syslog::
+ Write to syslog, using the `git-daemon` identifier.
+none::
+ Disable all logging.
+--
++
+The default destination is `syslog` if `--inetd` or `--detach` is specified,
+otherwise `stderr`.
--user-path::
--user-path=<path>::
NAME
----
-git-describe - Describe a commit using the most recent tag reachable from it
-
+git-describe - Give an object a human readable name based on an available ref
SYNOPSIS
--------
[verse]
'git describe' [--all] [--tags] [--contains] [--abbrev=<n>] [<commit-ish>...]
'git describe' [--all] [--tags] [--contains] [--abbrev=<n>] --dirty[=<mark>]
+'git describe' <blob>
DESCRIPTION
-----------
annotated tags. For more information about creating annotated tags
see the -a and -s options to linkgit:git-tag[1].
+If the given object refers to a blob, it will be described
+as `<commit-ish>:<path>`, such that the blob can be found
+at `<path>` in the `<commit-ish>`, which itself describes the
+first commit in which this blob occurs in a reverse revision walk
+from HEAD.
+
OPTIONS
-------
<commit-ish>...::
the number of commits which would be shown by `git log tag..input`
will be the smallest number of commits possible.
+BUGS
+----
+
+Tree objects as well as tag objects not pointing at commits, cannot be described.
+When describing blobs, the lightweight tags pointing at blobs are ignored,
+but the blob is still described as <committ-ish>:<path> despite the lightweight
+tag being favorable.
+
GIT
---
Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
overridden by giving the `--refmap=<refspec>` parameter(s) on the
command line.
+PRUNING
+-------
+
+Git has a default disposition of keeping data unless it's explicitly
+thrown away; this extends to holding onto local references to branches
+on remotes that have themselves deleted those branches.
+
+If left to accumulate, these stale references might make performance
+worse on big and busy repos that have a lot of branch churn, and
+e.g. make the output of commands like `git branch -a --contains
+<commit>` needlessly verbose, as well as impacting anything else
+that'll work with the complete set of known references.
+
+These remote-tracking references can be deleted as a one-off with
+either of:
+
+------------------------------------------------
+# While fetching
+$ git fetch --prune <name>
+
+# Only prune, don't fetch
+$ git remote prune <name>
+------------------------------------------------
+
+To prune references as part of your normal workflow without needing to
+remember to run that, set `fetch.prune` globally, or
+`remote.<name>.prune` per-remote in the config. See
+linkgit:git-config[1].
+
+Here's where things get tricky and more specific. The pruning feature
+doesn't actually care about branches, instead it'll prune local <->
+remote-references as a function of the refspec of the remote (see
+`<refspec>` and <<CRTB,CONFIGURED REMOTE-TRACKING BRANCHES>> above).
+
+Therefore if the refspec for the remote includes
+e.g. `refs/tags/*:refs/tags/*`, or you manually run e.g. `git fetch
+--prune <name> "refs/tags/*:refs/tags/*"` it won't be stale remote
+tracking branches that are deleted, but any local tag that doesn't
+exist on the remote.
+
+This might not be what you expect, i.e. you want to prune remote
+`<name>`, but also explicitly fetch tags from it, so when you fetch
+from it you delete all your local tags, most of which may not have
+come from the `<name>` remote in the first place.
+
+So be careful when using this with a refspec like
+`refs/tags/*:refs/tags/*`, or any other refspec which might map
+references from multiple remotes to the same local namespace.
+
+Since keeping up-to-date with both branches and tags on the remote is
+a common use-case the `--prune-tags` option can be supplied along with
+`--prune` to prune local tags that don't exist on the remote, and
+force-update those tags that differ. Tag pruning can also be enabled
+with `fetch.pruneTags` or `remote.<name>.pruneTags` in the config. See
+linkgit:git-config[1].
+
+The `--prune-tags` option is equivalent to having
+`refs/tags/*:refs/tags/*` declared in the refspecs of the remote. This
+can lead to some seemingly strange interactions:
+
+------------------------------------------------
+# These both fetch tags
+$ git fetch --no-tags origin 'refs/tags/*:refs/tags/*'
+$ git fetch --no-tags --prune-tags origin
+------------------------------------------------
+
+The reason it doesn't error out when provided without `--prune` or its
+config versions is for flexibility of the configured versions, and to
+maintain a 1=1 mapping between what the command line flags do, and
+what the configuration versions do.
+
+It's reasonable to e.g. configure `fetch.pruneTags=true` in
+`~/.gitconfig` to have tags pruned whenever `git fetch --prune` is
+run, without making every invocation of `git fetch` without `--prune`
+an error.
+
+Pruning tags with `--prune-tags` also works when fetching a URL
+instead of a named remote. These will all prune tags not found on
+origin:
+
+------------------------------------------------
+$ git fetch origin --prune --prune-tags
+$ git fetch origin --prune 'refs/tags/*:refs/tags/*'
+$ git fetch <url of origin> --prune --prune-tags
+$ git fetch <url of origin> --prune 'refs/tags/*:refs/tags/*'
+------------------------------------------------
+
OUTPUT
------
(behind), "<>" (ahead and behind), or "=" (in sync). `:track`
also prints "[gone]" whenever unknown upstream ref is
encountered. Append `:track,nobracket` to show tracking
- information without brackets (i.e "ahead N, behind M"). Has
- no effect if the ref does not have tracking information
- associated with it. All the options apart from `nobracket`
- are mutually exclusive, but if used together the last option
- is selected.
+ information without brackets (i.e "ahead N, behind M").
++
+For any remote-tracking branch `%(upstream)`, `%(upstream:remotename)`
+and `%(upstream:remoteref)` refer to the name of the remote and the
+name of the tracked remote ref, respectively. In other words, the
+remote-tracking branch can be updated explicitly and individually by
+using the refspec `%(upstream:remoteref):%(upstream)` to fetch from
+`%(upstream:remotename)`.
++
+Has no effect if the ref does not have tracking information associated
+with it. All the options apart from `nobracket` are mutually exclusive,
+but if used together the last option is selected.
push::
The name of a local ref which represents the `@{push}`
location for the displayed ref. Respects `:short`, `:lstrip`,
- `:rstrip`, `:track`, and `:trackshort` options as `upstream`
- does. Produces an empty string if no `@{push}` ref is
- configured.
+ `:rstrip`, `:track`, `:trackshort`, `:remotename`, and `:remoteref`
+ options as `upstream` does. Produces an empty string if no `@{push}`
+ ref is configured.
HEAD::
'*' if HEAD matches current ref (the checked out branch), ' '
will be added before the new trailer.
Existing trailers are extracted from the input message by looking for
-a group of one or more lines that (i) are all trailers, or (ii) contains at
+a group of one or more lines that (i) is all trailers, or (ii) contains at
least one Git-generated or user-configured trailer and consists of at
least 25% trailers.
The group must be preceded by one or more empty (or whitespace-only) lines.
are shown as if 'short' were given, otherwise no ref names are
shown. The default option is 'short'.
+--decorate-refs=<pattern>::
+--decorate-refs-exclude=<pattern>::
+ If no `--decorate-refs` is given, pretend as if all refs were
+ included. For each candidate, do not use it for decoration if it
+ matches any patterns given to `--decorate-refs-exclude` or if it
+ doesn't match any of the patterns given to `--decorate-refs`.
+
--source::
Print out the ref name given on the command line by which each
commit was reached.
SYNOPSIS
--------
[verse]
-'git ls-files' [-z] [-t] [-v]
+'git ls-files' [-z] [-t] [-v] [-f]
(--[cached|deleted|others|ignored|stage|unmerged|killed|modified])*
(-[c|d|o|i|s|u|k|m])*
[--eol]
that are marked as 'assume unchanged' (see
linkgit:git-update-index[1]).
+-f::
+ Similar to `-t`, but use lowercase letters for files
+ that are marked as 'fsmonitor valid' (see
+ linkgit:git-update-index[1]).
+
--full-name::
When run from a subdirectory, the command usually
outputs paths relative to the current directory. This
`origin/master` may have been rewound and rebuilt, leading to a
history of this shape:
- o---B1
+ o---B2
/
- ---o---o---B2--o---o---o---B (origin/master)
+ ---o---o---B1--o---o---o---B (origin/master)
\
- B3
+ B0
\
- Derived (topic)
+ D0---D1---D (topic)
-where `origin/master` used to point at commits B3, B2, B1 and now it
+where `origin/master` used to point at commits B0, B1, B2 and now it
points at B, and your `topic` branch was started on top of it back
-when `origin/master` was at B3. This mode uses the reflog of
-`origin/master` to find B3 as the fork point, so that the `topic`
-can be rebased on top of the updated `origin/master` by:
+when `origin/master` was at B0, and you built three commits, D0, D1,
+and D, on top of it. Imagine that you now want to rebase the work
+you did on the topic on top of the updated origin/master.
+
+In such a case, `git merge-base origin/master topic` would return the
+parent of B0 in the above picture, but B0^..D is *not* the range of
+commits you would want to replay on top of B (it includes B0, which
+is not what you wrote; it is a commit the other side discarded when
+it moved its tip from B0 to B1).
+
+`git merge-base --fork-point origin/master topic` is designed to
+help in such a case. It takes not only B but also B0, B1, and B2
+(i.e. old tips of the remote-tracking branches your repository's
+reflog knows about) into account to see on which commit your topic
+branch was built and finds B0, allowing you to replay only the
+commits on your topic, excluding the commits the other side later
+discarded.
+
+Hence
$ fork_point=$(git merge-base --fork-point origin/master topic)
+
+will find B0, and
+
$ git rebase --onto origin/master $fork_point topic
+will replay D0, D1 and D on top of B to create a new history of this
+shape:
+
+ o---B2
+ /
+ ---o---o---B1--o---o---o---B (origin/master)
+ \ \
+ B0 D0'--D1'--D' (topic - updated)
+ \
+ D0---D1---D (topic - old)
+
+A caveat is that older reflog entries in your repository may be
+expired by `git gc`. If B0 no longer appears in the reflog of the
+remote-tracking branch `origin/master`, the `--fork-point` mode
+obviously cannot find it and fails, avoiding to give a random and
+useless result (such as the parent of B0, like the same command
+without the `--fork-point` option gives).
+
+Also, the remote-tracking branch you use the `--fork-point` mode
+with must be the one your topic forked from its tip. If you forked
+from an older commit than the tip, this mode would not find the fork
+point (imagine in the above sample history B0 did not exist,
+origin/master started at B1, moved to B2 and then B, and you forked
+your topic at origin/master^ when origin/master was B1; the shape of
+the history would be the same as above, without B0, and the parent
+of B1 is what `git merge-base origin/master topic` correctly finds,
+but the `--fork-point` mode will not, because it is not one of the
+commits that used to be at the tip of origin/master).
+
See also
--------
-------
include::merge-options.txt[]
---signoff::
- Add Signed-off-by line by the committer at the end of the commit
- log message. The meaning of a signoff depends on the project,
- but it typically certifies that committer has
- the rights to submit this work under the same license and
- agrees to a Developer Certificate of Origin
- (see http://developercertificate.org/ for more information).
-
-m <msg>::
Set the commit message to be used for the merge commit (in
case one is created).
'git notes' merge --commit [-v | -q]
'git notes' merge --abort [-v | -q]
'git notes' remove [--ignore-missing] [--stdin] [<object>...]
-'git notes' prune [-n | -v]
+'git notes' prune [-n] [-v]
'git notes' get-ref
according to the author of the Git commit. This option requires admin
privileges in p4, which can be granted using 'p4 protect'.
+To shelve changes instead of submitting, use `--shelve` and `--update-shelve`:
+
+----
+$ git p4 submit --shelve
+$ git p4 submit --update-shelve 1234 --update-shelve 2345
+----
OPTIONS
-------
--update-shelve CHANGELIST::
Update an existing shelved changelist with this commit. Implies
- --shelve.
+ --shelve. Repeat for multiple shelved changelists.
--conflict=(ask|skip|quit)::
Conflicts can occur when applying a commit to p4. When this
SYNOPSIS
--------
[verse]
-'git prune' [-n] [-v] [--expire <expire>] [--] [<head>...]
+'git prune' [-n] [-v] [--progress] [--expire <time>] [--] [<head>...]
DESCRIPTION
-----------
--verbose::
Report all removed objects.
-\--::
- Do not interpret any more arguments as options.
+--progress::
+ Show progress.
--expire <time>::
Only expire loose objects older than <time>.
+\--::
+ Do not interpret any more arguments as options.
+
<head>...::
In addition to objects
reachable from any of our references, keep objects
Either all refs are updated, or on error, no refs are updated.
If the server does not support atomic pushes the push will fail.
--o::
---push-option::
+-o <option>::
+--push-option=<option>::
Transmit the given string to the server, which passes them to
the pre-receive as well as the post-receive hook. The given string
must not contain a NUL or LF character.
+ When multiple `--push-option=<option>` are given, they are
+ all sent to the other side in the order listed on the
+ command line.
+ When no `--push-option=<option>` is given from the command
+ line, the values of configuration variable `push.pushOption`
+ are used instead.
--receive-pack=<git-receive-pack>::
--exec=<git-receive-pack>::
* when both sides add a path identically. The resolution
is to add that path.
---prefix=<prefix>/::
+--prefix=<prefix>::
Keep the current index contents, and read the contents
of the named tree-ish under the directory at `<prefix>`.
The command will refuse to overwrite entries that already
- existed in the original index file. Note that the `<prefix>/`
- value must end with a slash.
+ existed in the original index file.
--exclude-per-directory=<gitignore>::
When running the command with `-u` and `-m` options, the
[<upstream> [<branch>]]
'git rebase' [-i | --interactive] [options] [--exec <cmd>] [--onto <newbase>]
--root [<branch>]
-'git rebase' --continue | --skip | --abort | --quit | --edit-todo
+'git rebase' --continue | --skip | --abort | --quit | --edit-todo | --show-current-patch
DESCRIPTION
-----------
CONFIGURATION
-------------
-rebase.stat::
- Whether to show a diffstat of what changed upstream since the last
- rebase. False by default.
-
-rebase.autoSquash::
- If set to true enable `--autosquash` option by default.
-
-rebase.autoStash::
- If set to true enable `--autostash` option by default.
-
-rebase.missingCommitsCheck::
- If set to "warn", print warnings about removed commits in
- interactive mode. If set to "error", print the warnings and
- stop the rebase. If set to "ignore", no checking is
- done. "ignore" by default.
-
-rebase.instructionFormat::
- Custom commit list format to use during an `--interactive` rebase.
+include::rebase-config.txt[]
OPTIONS
-------
Keep the commits that do not change anything from its
parents in the result.
+--allow-empty-message::
+ By default, rebasing commits with an empty message will fail.
+ This option overrides that behavior, allowing commits with empty
+ messages to be rebased.
+
--skip::
Restart the rebasing process by skipping the current patch.
--edit-todo::
Edit the todo list during an interactive rebase.
+--show-current-patch::
+ Show the current patch in an interactive rebase or when rebase
+ is stopped because of conflicts. This is the equivalent of
+ `git show REBASE_HEAD`.
+
-m::
--merge::
Use merging strategies to rebase. When the recursive (default) merge
'git reflog' ['show'] [log-options] [<ref>]
'git reflog expire' [--expire=<time>] [--expire-unreachable=<time>]
[--rewrite] [--updateref] [--stale-fix]
- [--dry-run] [--verbose] [--all | <refs>...]
+ [--dry-run | -n] [--verbose] [--all | <refs>...]
'git reflog delete' [--rewrite] [--updateref]
- [--dry-run] [--verbose] ref@\{specifier\}...
+ [--dry-run | -n] [--verbose] ref@\{specifier\}...
'git reflog exists' <ref>
Reference logs, or "reflogs", record when the tips of branches and
'prune'::
-Deletes all stale remote-tracking branches under <name>.
-These stale branches have already been removed from the remote repository
-referenced by <name>, but are still locally available in
-"remotes/<name>".
+Deletes stale references associated with <name>. By default, stale
+remote-tracking branches under <name> are deleted, but depending on
+global configuration and the configuration of the remote we might even
+prune local tags that haven't been pushed there. Equivalent to `git
+fetch --prune <name>`, except that no new references will be fetched.
++
+See the PRUNING section of linkgit:git-fetch[1] for what it'll prune
+depending on various configuration.
+
With `--dry-run` option, report what branches will be pruned, but do not
actually prune them.
configuration parameter remote.<name>.skipDefaultUpdate set to true will
be updated. (See linkgit:git-config[1]).
+
-With `--prune` option, prune all the remotes that are updated.
+With `--prune` option, run pruning against all the remotes that are updated.
DISCUSSION
the value of GIT_AUTHOR_IDENT, or GIT_COMMITTER_IDENT if that is not
set, as returned by "git var -l".
+--reply-to=<address>::
+ Specify the address where replies from recipients should go to.
+ Use this if replies to messages should go to another address than what
+ is specified with the --from parameter.
+
--in-reply-to=<identifier>::
Make the first mail (or all the mails with `--no-thread`) appear as a
reply to the given Message-Id, which avoids breaking threads to
specify a full pathname of a sendmail-like program instead;
the program must support the `-i` option. Default value can
be specified by the `sendemail.smtpServer` configuration
- option; the built-in default is `/usr/sbin/sendmail` or
- `/usr/lib/sendmail` if such program is available, or
- `localhost` otherwise.
+ option; the built-in default is to search for `sendmail` in
+ `/usr/sbin`, `/usr/lib` and $PATH if such program is
+ available, falling back to `localhost` otherwise.
--smtp-server-port=<port>::
Specifies a port different from the default port (SMTP
SYNOPSIS
--------
[verse]
-'git show' [options] <object>...
+'git show' [options] [<object>...]
DESCRIPTION
-----------
OPTIONS
-------
<object>...::
- The names of objects to show.
+ The names of objects to show (defaults to 'HEAD').
For a more complete list of ways to spell object names, see
"SPECIFYING REVISIONS" section in linkgit:gitrevisions[7].
'git stash' drop [-q|--quiet] [<stash>]
'git stash' ( pop | apply ) [--index] [-q|--quiet] [<stash>]
'git stash' branch <branchname> [<stash>]
-'git stash' save [-p|--patch] [-k|--[no-]keep-index] [-q|--quiet]
- [-u|--include-untracked] [-a|--all] [<message>]
'git stash' [push [-p|--patch] [-k|--[no-]keep-index] [-q|--quiet]
[-u|--include-untracked] [-a|--all] [-m|--message <message>]]
[--] [<pathspec>...]]
The modifications stashed away by this command can be listed with
`git stash list`, inspected with `git stash show`, and restored
(potentially on top of a different commit) with `git stash apply`.
-Calling `git stash` without any arguments is equivalent to `git stash save`.
+Calling `git stash` without any arguments is equivalent to `git stash push`.
A stash is by default listed as "WIP on 'branchname' ...", but
you can give a more descriptive message on the command line when
you create one.
OPTIONS
-------
-save [-p|--patch] [-k|--[no-]keep-index] [-u|--include-untracked] [-a|--all] [-q|--quiet] [<message>]::
push [-p|--patch] [-k|--[no-]keep-index] [-u|--include-untracked] [-a|--all] [-q|--quiet] [-m|--message <message>] [--] [<pathspec>...]::
Save your local modifications to a new 'stash entry' and roll them
The `--patch` option implies `--keep-index`. You can use
`--no-keep-index` to override this.
+save [-p|--patch] [-k|--[no-]keep-index] [-u|--include-untracked] [-a|--all] [-q|--quiet] [<message>]::
+
+ This option is deprecated in favour of 'git stash push'. It
+ differs from "stash push" in that it cannot take pathspecs,
+ and any non-option arguments form the message.
+
list [<options>]::
List the stash entries that you currently have. Each 'stash entry' is
Remove a single stashed state from the stash list and apply it
on top of the current working tree state, i.e., do the inverse
- operation of `git stash save`. The working directory must
+ operation of `git stash push`. The working directory must
match the index.
+
Applying the state can fail with conflicts; in this case, it is not
Like `pop`, but do not remove the state from the stash list. Unlike `pop`,
`<stash>` may be any commit that looks like a commit created by
- `stash save` or `stash create`.
+ `stash push` or `stash create`.
branch <branchname> [<stash>]::
`stash@{<revision>}`, it then drops the `<stash>`. When no `<stash>`
is given, applies the latest one.
+
-This is useful if the branch on which you ran `git stash save` has
+This is useful if the branch on which you ran `git stash push` has
changed enough that `git stash apply` fails due to conflicts. Since
the stash entry is applied on top of the commit that was HEAD at the
time `git stash` was run, it restores the originally stashed state
return its object name, without storing it anywhere in the ref
namespace.
This is intended to be useful for scripts. It is probably not
- the command you want to use; see "save" above.
+ the command you want to use; see "push" above.
store::
Store a given stash created via 'git stash create' (which is a
dangling merge commit) in the stash ref, updating the stash
reflog. This is intended to be useful for scripts. It is
- probably not the command you want to use; see "save" above.
+ probably not the command you want to use; see "push" above.
DISCUSSION
----------
Testing partial commits::
-You can use `git stash save --keep-index` when you want to make two or
+You can use `git stash push --keep-index` when you want to make two or
more commits out of the changes in the work tree, and you want to test
each change before committing:
+
----------------------------------------------------------------
# ... hack hack hack ...
$ git add --patch foo # add just first part to the index
-$ git stash save --keep-index # save all other changes to the stash
+$ git stash push --keep-index # save all other changes to the stash
$ edit/build/test first part
$ git commit -m 'First part' # commit fully tested change
$ git stash pop # prepare to work on all other changes
(and suppresses the output of submodule summaries when the config option
`status.submoduleSummary` is set).
---ignored::
+--ignored[=<mode>]::
Show ignored files as well.
++
+The mode parameter is used to specify the handling of ignored files.
+It is optional: it defaults to 'traditional'.
++
+The possible options are:
++
+ - 'traditional' - Shows ignored files and directories, unless
+ --untracked-files=all is specifed, in which case
+ individual files in ignored directories are
+ displayed.
+ - 'no' - Show no ignored files.
+ - 'matching' - Shows ignored files and directories matching an
+ ignore pattern.
++
+When 'matching' mode is specified, paths that explicity match an
+ignored pattern are shown. If a directory matches an ignore pattern,
+then it is shown, but not paths contained in the ignored directory. If
+a directory does not match an ignore pattern, but all contents are
+ignored, then the directory is not shown, but all contents are shown.
-z::
Terminate entries with NUL, instead of LF. This implies
without options are equivalent to 'always' and 'never'
respectively.
+--ahead-behind::
+--no-ahead-behind::
+ Display or do not display detailed ahead/behind counts for the
+ branch relative to its upstream branch. Defaults to true.
+
<pathspec>...::
See the 'pathspec' entry in linkgit:gitglossary[7].
Short Format
~~~~~~~~~~~~
-In the short-format, the status of each path is shown as
+In the short-format, the status of each path is shown as one of these
+forms
- XY PATH1 -> PATH2
+ XY PATH
+ XY ORIG_PATH -> PATH
-where `PATH1` is the path in the `HEAD`, and the " `-> PATH2`" part is
-shown only when `PATH1` corresponds to a different path in the
-index/worktree (i.e. the file is renamed). The `XY` is a two-letter
-status code.
+where `ORIG_PATH` is where the renamed/copied contents came
+from. `ORIG_PATH` is only shown when the entry is renamed or
+copied. The `XY` is a two-letter status code.
The fields (including the `->`) are separated from each other by a
single space. If a filename contains whitespace or other nonprintable
X Y Meaning
-------------------------------------------------
- [MD] not updated
+ [AMD] not updated
M [ MD] updated in index
A [ MD] added to index
- D [ M] deleted from index
+ D deleted from index
R [ MD] renamed in index
C [ MD] copied in index
[MARC] index and work tree matches
[ MARC] M work tree changed since index
[ MARC] D deleted in work tree
+ [ D] R renamed in work tree
+ [ D] C copied in work tree
-------------------------------------------------
D D unmerged, both deleted
A U unmerged, added by us
of similarity between the source and target of the
move or copy). For example "R100" or "C75".
<path> The pathname. In a renamed/copied entry, this
- is the path in the index and in the working tree.
+ is the target path.
<sep> When the `-z` option is used, the 2 pathnames are separated
with a NUL (ASCII 0x00) byte; otherwise, a tab (ASCII 0x09)
byte separates them.
- <origPath> The pathname in the commit at HEAD. This is only
- present in a renamed/copied entry, and tells
- where the renamed/copied contents came from.
+ <origPath> The pathname in the commit at HEAD or in the index.
+ This is only present in a renamed/copied entry, and
+ tells where the renamed/copied contents came from.
--------------------------------------------------------
Unmerged entries have the following format; the first character is
line option or the 'git submodule summary' command, which shows a similar
output but does not honor these settings.
+BACKGROUND REFRESH
+------------------
+
+By default, `git status` will automatically refresh the index, updating
+the cached stat information from the working tree and writing out the
+result. Writing out the updated index is an optimization that isn't
+strictly necessary (`status` computes the values for itself, but writing
+them out is just to save subsequent programs from repeating our
+computation). When `status` is run in the background, the lock held
+during the write may conflict with other simultaneous processes, causing
+them to fail. Scripts running `status` in the background should consider
+using `git --no-optional-locks status` (see linkgit:git[1] for details).
+
SEE ALSO
--------
linkgit:gitignore[5]
Show the status of the submodules. This will print the SHA-1 of the
currently checked out commit for each submodule, along with the
submodule path and the output of 'git describe' for the
- SHA-1. Each SHA-1 will be prefixed with `-` if the submodule is not
- initialized, `+` if the currently checked out submodule commit
+ SHA-1. Each SHA-1 will possibly be prefixed with `-` if the submodule is
+ not initialized, `+` if the currently checked out submodule commit
does not match the SHA-1 found in the index of the containing
repository and `U` if the submodule has merge conflicts.
+
the submodules. The "updating" can be done in several ways depending
on command line options and the value of `submodule.<name>.update`
configuration variable. The command line option takes precedence over
-the configuration variable. if neither is given, a checkout is performed.
-update procedures supported both from the command line as well as setting
-`submodule.<name>.update`:
+the configuration variable. If neither is given, a 'checkout' is performed.
+The 'update' procedures supported both from the command line as well as
+through the `submodule.<name>.update` configuration are:
checkout;; the commit recorded in the superproject will be
checked out in the submodule on a detached HEAD.
+
If `--force` is specified, the submodule will be checked out (using
-`git checkout --force` if appropriate), even if the commit specified
+`git checkout --force`), even if the commit specified
in the index of the containing repository already matches the commit
checked out in the submodule.
merge;; the commit recorded in the superproject will be merged
into the current branch in the submodule.
-The following procedures are only available via the `submodule.<name>.update`
-configuration variable:
+The following 'update' procedures are only available via the
+`submodule.<name>.update` configuration variable:
custom command;; arbitrary shell command that takes a single
argument (the sha1 of the commit recorded in the
SYNOPSIS
--------
[verse]
-'git tag' [-a | -s | -u <keyid>] [-f] [-m <msg> | -F <file>]
+'git tag' [-a | -s | -u <keyid>] [-f] [-m <msg> | -F <file>] [-e]
<tagname> [<commit> | <object>]
'git tag' -d <tagname>...
'git tag' [-n[<num>]] -l [--contains <commit>] [--no-contains <commit>]
Implies `-a` if none of `-a`, `-s`, or `-u <keyid>`
is given.
+-e::
+--edit::
+ The message taken from file with `-F` and command line with
+ `-m` are usually used as the tag message unmodified.
+ This option lets you further edit the message taken from these sources.
+
--cleanup=<mode>::
This option sets how the tag message is cleaned up.
The '<mode>' can be one of 'verbatim', 'whitespace' and 'strip'. The
[--chmod=(+|-)x]
[--[no-]assume-unchanged]
[--[no-]skip-worktree]
+ [--[no-]fsmonitor-valid]
[--ignore-submodules]
[--[no-]split-index]
[--[no-|test-|force-]untracked-cache]
+ [--[no-]fsmonitor]
[--really-refresh] [--unresolve] [--again | -g]
[--info-only] [--index-info]
[-z] [--stdin] [--index-version <n>]
set and unset the "skip-worktree" bit for the paths. See
section "Skip-worktree bit" below for more information.
+--[no-]fsmonitor-valid::
+ When one of these flags is specified, the object name recorded
+ for the paths are not updated. Instead, these options
+ set and unset the "fsmonitor valid" bit for the paths. See
+ section "File System Monitor" below for more information.
+
-g::
--again::
Runs 'git update-index' itself on the paths whose index
`--untracked-cache` used to imply `--test-untracked-cache` but
this option would enable the extension unconditionally.
+--fsmonitor::
+--no-fsmonitor::
+ Enable or disable files system monitor feature. These options
+ take effect whatever the value of the `core.fsmonitor`
+ configuration variable (see linkgit:git-config[1]). But a warning
+ is emitted when the change goes against the configured value, as
+ the configured value will take effect next time the index is
+ read and this will remove the intended effect of the option.
+
\--::
Do not interpret any more arguments as options.
are used, the untracked cache is immediately added to or removed from
the index.
+Before 2.17, the untracked cache had a bug where replacing a directory
+with a symlink to another directory could cause it to incorrectly show
+files tracked by git as untracked. See the "status: add a failing test
+showing a core.untrackedCache bug" commit to git.git. A workaround for
+that is (and this might work for other undiscovered bugs in the
+future):
+
+----------------
+$ git -c core.untrackedCache=false status
+----------------
+
+This bug has also been shown to affect non-symlink cases of replacing
+a directory with a file when it comes to the internal structures of
+the untracked cache, but no case has been reported where this resulted in
+wrong "git status" output.
+
+There are also cases where existing indexes written by git versions
+before 2.17 will reference directories that don't exist anymore,
+potentially causing many "could not open directory" warnings to be
+printed on "git status". These are new warnings for existing issues
+that were previously silently discarded.
+
+As with the bug described above the solution is to one-off do a "git
+status" run with `core.untrackedCache=false` to flush out the leftover
+bad data.
+
+File System Monitor
+-------------------
+
+This feature is intended to speed up git operations for repos that have
+large working directories.
+
+It enables git to work together with a file system monitor (see the
+"fsmonitor-watchman" section of linkgit:githooks[5]) that can
+inform it as to what files have been modified. This enables git to avoid
+having to lstat() every file to find modified files.
+
+When used in conjunction with the untracked cache, it can further improve
+performance by avoiding the cost of scanning the entire working directory
+looking for new files.
+
+If you want to enable (or disable) this feature, it is easier to use
+the `core.fsmonitor` configuration variable (see
+linkgit:git-config[1]) than using the `--fsmonitor` option to
+`git update-index` in each repository, especially if you want to do so
+across all repositories you use, because you can set the configuration
+variable in your `$HOME/.gitconfig` just once and have it affect all
+repositories you touch.
+
+When the `core.fsmonitor` configuration variable is changed, the
+file system monitor is added to or removed from the index the next time
+a command reads the index. When `--[no-]fsmonitor` are used, the file
+system monitor is immediately added to or removed from the index.
+
Configuration
-------------
SYNOPSIS
--------
[verse]
-'git worktree add' [-f] [--detach] [--checkout] [--lock] [-b <new-branch>] <path> [<branch>]
+'git worktree add' [-f] [--detach] [--checkout] [--lock] [-b <new-branch>] <path> [<commit-ish>]
'git worktree list' [--porcelain]
'git worktree lock' [--reason <string>] <worktree>
+'git worktree move' <worktree> <new-path>
'git worktree prune' [-n] [-v] [--expire <expire>]
+'git worktree remove' [--force] <worktree>
'git worktree unlock' <worktree>
DESCRIPTION
`git worktree prune` in the main or any linked working tree to
clean up any stale administrative files.
-If you move a linked working tree, you need to manually update the
-administrative files so that they do not get pruned automatically. See
-section "DETAILS" for more information.
-
If a linked working tree is stored on a portable device or network share
which is not always mounted, you can prevent its administrative files from
being pruned by issuing the `git worktree lock` command, optionally
COMMANDS
--------
-add <path> [<branch>]::
+add <path> [<commit-ish>]::
-Create `<path>` and checkout `<branch>` into it. The new working directory
+Create `<path>` and checkout `<commit-ish>` into it. The new working directory
is linked to the current repository, sharing everything except working
directory specific files such as HEAD, index, etc. `-` may also be
-specified as `<branch>`; it is synonymous with `@{-1}`.
+specified as `<commit-ish>`; it is synonymous with `@{-1}`.
++
+If <commit-ish> is a branch name (call it `<branch>`) and is not found,
+and neither `-b` nor `-B` nor `--detach` are used, but there does
+exist a tracking branch in exactly one remote (call it `<remote>`)
+with a matching name, treat as equivalent to:
+
-If `<branch>` is omitted and neither `-b` nor `-B` nor `--detach` used,
+------------
+$ git worktree add --track -b <branch> <path> <remote>/<branch>
+------------
++
+If `<commit-ish>` is omitted and neither `-b` nor `-B` nor `--detach` used,
then, as a convenience, a new branch based at HEAD is created automatically,
as if `-b $(basename <path>)` was specified.
being moved or deleted. Optionally, specify a reason for the lock
with `--reason`.
+move::
+
+Move a working tree to a new location. Note that the main working tree
+or linked working trees containing submodules cannot be moved.
+
prune::
Prune working tree information in $GIT_DIR/worktrees.
+remove::
+
+Remove a working tree. Only clean working trees (no untracked files
+and no modification in tracked files) can be removed. Unclean working
+trees or ones with submodules can be removed with `--force`. The main
+working tree cannot be removed.
+
unlock::
Unlock a working tree, allowing it to be pruned, moved or deleted.
-f::
--force::
- By default, `add` refuses to create a new working tree when `<branch>`
- is already checked out by another working tree. This option overrides
- that safeguard.
+ By default, `add` refuses to create a new working tree when
+ `<commit-ish>` is a branch name and is already checked out by
+ another working tree and `remove` refuses to remove an unclean
+ working tree. This option overrides that safeguard.
-b <new-branch>::
-B <new-branch>::
With `add`, create a new branch named `<new-branch>` starting at
- `<branch>`, and check out `<new-branch>` into the new working tree.
- If `<branch>` is omitted, it defaults to HEAD.
+ `<commit-ish>`, and check out `<new-branch>` into the new working tree.
+ If `<commit-ish>` is omitted, it defaults to HEAD.
By default, `-b` refuses to create a new branch if it already
exists. `-B` overrides this safeguard, resetting `<new-branch>` to
- `<branch>`.
+ `<commit-ish>`.
--detach::
With `add`, detach HEAD in the new working tree. See "DETACHED HEAD"
in linkgit:git-checkout[1].
--[no-]checkout::
- By default, `add` checks out `<branch>`, however, `--no-checkout` can
+ By default, `add` checks out `<commit-ish>`, however, `--no-checkout` can
be used to suppress checkout in order to make customizations,
such as configuring sparse-checkout. See "Sparse checkout"
in linkgit:git-read-tree[1].
+--[no-]guess-remote::
+ With `worktree add <path>`, without `<commit-ish>`, instead
+ of creating a new branch from HEAD, if there exists a tracking
+ branch in exactly one remote matching the basename of `<path>`,
+ base the new branch on the remote-tracking branch, and mark
+ the remote-tracking branch as "upstream" from the new branch.
++
+This can also be set up as the default behaviour by using the
+`worktree.guessRemote` config option.
+
+--[no-]track::
+ When creating a new branch, if `<commit-ish>` is a branch,
+ mark it as "upstream" from the new branch. This is the
+ default if `<commit-ish>` is a remote-tracking branch. See
+ "--track" in linkgit:git-branch[1] for details.
+
--lock::
Keep the working tree locked after creation. This is the
equivalent of `git worktree lock` after `git worktree add`,
$GIT_DIR or $GIT_COMMON_DIR when you need to directly access something
inside $GIT_DIR. Use `git rev-parse --git-path` to get the final path.
-If you move a linked working tree, you need to update the 'gitdir' file
+If you manually move a linked working tree, you need to update the 'gitdir' file
in the entry's directory. For example, if a linked working tree is moved
to `/newpath/test-next` and its `.git` file points to
`/path/main/.git/worktrees/test-next`, then update
for submodules is incomplete. It is NOT recommended to make multiple
checkouts of a superproject.
-git-worktree could provide more automation for tasks currently
-performed manually, such as:
-
-- `remove` to remove a linked working tree and its administrative files (and
- warn if the working tree is dirty)
-- `mv` to move or rename a working tree and update its administrative files
-
GIT
---
Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
If either of these environment variables is set then 'git fetch'
and 'git push' will use the specified command instead of 'ssh'
when they need to connect to a remote system.
- The command will be given exactly two or four arguments: the
- 'username@host' (or just 'host') from the URL and the shell
- command to execute on that remote system, optionally preceded by
- `-p` (literally) and the 'port' from the URL when it specifies
- something other than the default SSH port.
+ The command-line parameters passed to the configured command are
+ determined by the ssh variant. See `ssh.variant` option in
+ linkgit:git-config[1] for details.
+
+
`$GIT_SSH_COMMAND` takes precedence over `$GIT_SSH`, and is interpreted
by the shell, which allows additional arguments to be included.
Unsetting the variable, or setting it to empty, "0" or
"false" (case insensitive) disables trace messages.
+`GIT_TRACE_FSMONITOR`::
+ Enables trace messages for the filesystem monitor extension.
+ See `GIT_TRACE` for available trace output options.
+
`GIT_TRACE_PACK_ACCESS`::
Enables trace messages for all accesses to any packs. For each
access, the pack file name and an offset in the pack is
variable.
See `GIT_TRACE` for available trace output options.
+`GIT_TRACE_CURL_NO_DATA`::
+ When a curl trace is enabled (see `GIT_TRACE_CURL` above), do not dump
+ data (that is, only dump info lines and headers).
+
+`GIT_REDACT_COOKIES`::
+ This can be set to a comma-separated list of strings. When a curl trace
+ is enabled (see `GIT_TRACE_CURL` above), whenever a "Cookies:" header
+ sent by the client is dumped, values of cookies whose key is in that
+ list (case-sensitive) are redacted.
+
`GIT_LITERAL_PATHSPECS`::
Setting this variable to `1` will cause Git to treat all
pathspecs literally, rather than as glob patterns. For example,
which feed potentially-untrusted URLS to git commands. See
linkgit:git-config[1] for more details.
+`GIT_PROTOCOL`::
+ For internal use only. Used in handshaking the wire protocol.
+ Contains a colon ':' separated list of keys with optional values
+ 'key[=value]'. Presence of unknown keys and values must be
+ ignored.
+
`GIT_OPTIONAL_LOCKS`::
If set to `0`, Git will complete any requested operation without
performing any optional sub-operations that require taking a lock.
the background which do not want to cause lock contention with
other operations on the repository. Defaults to `1`.
+`GIT_REDIRECT_STDIN`::
+`GIT_REDIRECT_STDOUT`::
+`GIT_REDIRECT_STDERR`::
+ Windows-only: allow redirecting the standard input/output/error
+ handles to paths specified by the environment variables. This is
+ particularly useful in multi-threaded applications where the
+ canonical way to pass standard handles via `CreateProcess()` is
+ not an option because it would require the handles to be marked
+ inheritable (and consequently *every* spawned process would
+ inherit them, possibly blocking regular Git operations). The
+ primary intended use case is to use named pipes for communication
+ (e.g. `\\.\pipe\my-git-stdin-123`).
++
+Two special values are supported: `off` will simply close the
+corresponding standard handle, and if `GIT_REDIRECT_STDERR` is
+`2>&1`, standard error will be redirected to the same handle as
+standard output.
+
+`GIT_PRINT_SHA1_ELLIPSIS` (deprecated)::
+ If set to `yes`, print an ellipsis following an
+ (abbreviated) SHA-1 value. This affects indications of
+ detached HEADs (linkgit:git-checkout[1]) and the raw
+ diff output (linkgit:git-diff[1]). Printing an
+ ellipsis in the cases mentioned is no longer considered
+ adequate and support for it is likely to be removed in the
+ foreseeable future (along with the variable).
+
Discussion[[Discussion]]
------------------------
development and maintenance is primarily done. You do not have to be
subscribed to the list to send a message there.
+Issues which are security relevant should be disclosed privately to
+the Git Security mailing list <git-security@googlegroups.com>.
+
SEE ALSO
--------
linkgit:gittutorial[7], linkgit:gittutorial-2[7],
-------------------------------------------------
$ echo "* text=auto" >.gitattributes
-$ git read-tree --empty # Clean index, force re-scan of working directory
-$ git add .
+$ git add --renormalize .
$ git status # Show files that will be normalized
$ git commit -m "Introduce end-of-line normalization"
-------------------------------------------------
into a usable content by setting the filter.<driver>.required configuration
variable to `true`.
+Note: Whenever the clean filter is changed, the repo should be renormalized:
+$ git add --renormalize .
+
For example, in .gitattributes, you would assign the `filter`
attribute for paths.
If the filter command (a string value) is defined via
`filter.<driver>.process` then Git can process all blobs with a
single filter invocation for the entire life of a single Git
-command. This is achieved by using a packet format (pkt-line,
-see technical/protocol-common.txt) based protocol over standard
-input and standard output as follows. All packets, except for the
-"*CONTENT" packets and the "0000" flush packet, are considered
-text and therefore are terminated by a LF.
-
-Git starts the filter when it encounters the first file
-that needs to be cleaned or smudged. After the filter started
-Git sends a welcome message ("git-filter-client"), a list of supported
-protocol version numbers, and a flush packet. Git expects to read a welcome
-response message ("git-filter-server"), exactly one protocol version number
-from the previously sent list, and a flush packet. All further
-communication will be based on the selected version. The remaining
-protocol description below documents "version=2". Please note that
-"version=42" in the example below does not exist and is only there
-to illustrate how the protocol would look like with more than one
-version.
-
-After the version negotiation Git sends a list of all capabilities that
-it supports and a flush packet. Git expects to read a list of desired
-capabilities, which must be a subset of the supported capabilities list,
-and a flush packet as response:
-------------------------
-packet: git> git-filter-client
-packet: git> version=2
-packet: git> version=42
-packet: git> 0000
-packet: git< git-filter-server
-packet: git< version=2
-packet: git< 0000
-packet: git> capability=clean
-packet: git> capability=smudge
-packet: git> capability=not-yet-invented
-packet: git> 0000
-packet: git< capability=clean
-packet: git< capability=smudge
-packet: git< 0000
-------------------------
-Supported filter capabilities in version 2 are "clean", "smudge",
-and "delay".
+command. This is achieved by using the long-running process protocol
+(described in technical/long-running-process-protocol.txt).
+
+When Git encounters the first file that needs to be cleaned or smudged,
+it starts the filter and performs the handshake. In the handshake, the
+welcome message sent by Git is "git-filter-client", only version 2 is
+suppported, and the supported capabilities are "clean", "smudge", and
+"delay".
Afterwards Git sends a list of "key=value" pairs terminated with
a flush packet. The list will contain at least the filter command
with the next file that needs to be processed. Depending on the
`filter.<driver>.required` flag Git will interpret that as error.
-After the filter has processed a command it is expected to wait for
-a "key=value" list containing the next command. Git will close
-the command pipe on exit. The filter is expected to detect EOF
-and exit gracefully on its own. Git will wait until the filter
-process has stopped.
-
Delay
^^^^^
- `fountain` suitable for Fountain documents.
+- `golang` suitable for source code in the Go language.
+
- `html` suitable for HTML/XHTML documents.
- `java` suitable for source code in the Java language.
It is also run after 'git clone', unless the --no-checkout (-n) option is
used. The first parameter given to the hook is the null-ref, the second the
-ref of the new HEAD and the flag is always 1.
+ref of the new HEAD and the flag is always 1. Likewise for 'git worktree add'
+unless --no-checkout is used.
This hook can be used to perform repository validity checks, auto-display
differences from the previous HEAD if different, or set working dir metadata
pre-receive
~~~~~~~~~~~
-This hook is invoked by 'git-receive-pack' on the remote repository,
-which happens when a 'git push' is done on a local repository.
+This hook is invoked by 'git-receive-pack' when it reacts to
+'git push' and updates reference(s) in its repository.
Just before starting to update refs on the remote repository, the
pre-receive hook is invoked. Its exit status determines the success
or failure of the update.
update
~~~~~~
-This hook is invoked by 'git-receive-pack' on the remote repository,
-which happens when a 'git push' is done on a local repository.
+This hook is invoked by 'git-receive-pack' when it reacts to
+'git push' and updates reference(s) in its repository.
Just before updating the ref on the remote repository, the update hook
is invoked. Its exit status determines the success or failure of
the ref update.
post-receive
~~~~~~~~~~~~
-This hook is invoked by 'git-receive-pack' on the remote repository,
-which happens when a 'git push' is done on a local repository.
+This hook is invoked by 'git-receive-pack' when it reacts to
+'git push' and updates reference(s) in its repository.
It executes on the remote repository once after all the refs have
been updated.
post-update
~~~~~~~~~~~
-This hook is invoked by 'git-receive-pack' on the remote repository,
-which happens when a 'git push' is done on a local repository.
+This hook is invoked by 'git-receive-pack' when it reacts to
+'git push' and updates reference(s) in its repository.
It executes on the remote repository once after all the refs have
been updated.
push-to-checkout
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-This hook is invoked by 'git-receive-pack' on the remote repository,
-which happens when a 'git push' is done on a local repository, when
+This hook is invoked by 'git-receive-pack' when it reacts to
+'git push' and updates reference(s) in its repository, and when
the push tries to update the branch that is currently checked out
and the `receive.denyCurrentBranch` configuration variable is set to
`updateInstead`. Such a push by default is refused if the working
non-zero status causes 'git send-email' to abort before sending any
e-mails.
+fsmonitor-watchman
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+This hook is invoked when the configuration option core.fsmonitor is
+set to .git/hooks/fsmonitor-watchman. It takes two arguments, a version
+(currently 1) and the time in elapsed nanoseconds since midnight,
+January 1, 1970.
+
+The hook should output to stdout the list of all files in the working
+directory that may have changed since the requested time. The logic
+should be inclusive so that it does not miss any potential changes.
+The paths should be relative to the root of the working directory
+and be separated by a single NUL.
+
+It is OK to include files which have not actually changed. All changes
+including newly-created and deleted files should be included. When
+files are renamed, both the old and the new name should be included.
+
+Git will limit what files it checks for changes as well as which
+directories are checked for untracked files based on the path names
+given.
+
+An optimized way to tell git "all files have changed" is to return
+the filename '/'.
+
+The exit status determines whether git will use the data from the
+hook to limit its search. On error, it will fall back to verifying
+all files and folders.
GIT
---
(relative to the toplevel of the work tree if not from a
`.gitignore` file).
- - Otherwise, Git treats the pattern as a shell glob suitable
- for consumption by fnmatch(3) with the FNM_PATHNAME flag:
- wildcards in the pattern will not match a / in the pathname.
- For example, "Documentation/{asterisk}.html" matches
- "Documentation/git.html" but not "Documentation/ppc/ppc.html"
- or "tools/perf/Documentation/perf.html".
+ - Otherwise, Git treats the pattern as a shell glob: "`*`" matches
+ anything except "`/`", "`?`" matches any one character except "`/`"
+ and "`[]`" matches one character in a selected range. See
+ fnmatch(3) and the FNM_PATHNAME flag for a more detailed
+ description.
- A leading slash matches the beginning of the pathname.
For example, "/{asterisk}.c" matches "cat-file.c" but not
'git clean' look at it but the core Git commands do not look
at it. See also: linkgit:gitignore[5].
+info/attributes::
+ Defines which attributes to assign to a path, similar to per-directory
+ `.gitattributes` files. See also: linkgit:gitattributes[5].
+
info/sparse-checkout::
This file stores sparse checkout patterns.
See also: linkgit:git-read-tree[1].
consists of (i) a Git directory located under the `$GIT_DIR/modules/`
directory of its superproject, (ii) a working directory inside the
superproject's working directory, and a `.git` file at the root of
-the submodule’s working directory pointing to (i).
+the submodule's working directory pointing to (i).
Assuming the submodule has a Git directory at `$GIT_DIR/modules/foo/`
and a working directory at `path/to/bar/`, the superproject tracks the
`submodule.foo.path = path/to/bar`.
The `gitlink` entry contains the object name of the commit that the
-superproject expects the submodule’s working directory to be at.
+superproject expects the submodule's working directory to be at.
The section `submodule.foo.*` in the `.gitmodules` file gives additional
-hints to Gits porcelain layer such as where to obtain the submodule via
-the `submodule.foo.url` setting.
+hints to Git's porcelain layer. For example, the `submodule.foo.url`
+setting specifies where to obtain the submodule.
Submodules can be used for at least two different use cases:
2. Splitting a (logically single) project into multiple
repositories and tying them back together. This can be used to
- overcome current limitations of Gits implementation to have
+ overcome current limitations of Git's implementation to have
finer grained access:
- * Size of the git repository:
+ * Size of the Git repository:
In its current form Git scales up poorly for large repositories containing
content that is not compressed by delta computation between trees.
- However you can also use submodules to e.g. hold large binary assets
- and these repositories are then shallowly cloned such that you do not
+ For example, you can use submodules to hold large binary assets
+ and these repositories can be shallowly cloned such that you do not
have a large history locally.
* Transfer size:
In its current form Git requires the whole working tree present. It
does not allow partial trees to be transferred in fetch or clone.
+ If the project you work on consists of multiple repositories tied
+ together as submodules in a superproject, you can avoid fetching the
+ working trees of the repositories you are not interested in.
* Access control:
By restricting user access to submodules, this can be used to implement
read/write policies for different users.
Submodule operations can be configured using the following mechanisms
(from highest to lowest precedence):
- * The command line for those commands that support taking submodule specs.
- Most commands have a boolean flag '--recurse-submodules' whether to
- recurse into submodules. Examples are `ls-files` or `checkout`.
+ * The command line for those commands that support taking submodules
+ as part of their pathspecs. Most commands have a boolean flag
+ `--recurse-submodules` which specify whether to recurse into submodules.
+ Examples are `grep` and `checkout`.
Some commands take enums, such as `fetch` and `push`, where you can
specify how submodules are affected.
For example an effect from the submodule's `.gitignore` file
would be observed when you run `git status --ignore-submodules=none` in
the superproject. This collects information from the submodule's working
-directory by running `status` in the submodule, which does pay attention
-to its `.gitignore` file.
+directory by running `status` in the submodule while paying attention
+to the `.gitignore` file of the submodule.
+
The submodule's `$GIT_DIR/config` file would come into play when running
`git push --recurse-submodules=check` in the superproject, as this would
file.
* The configuration file `$GIT_DIR/config` in the superproject.
- Typical configuration at this place is controlling if a submodule
- is recursed into at all via the `active` flag for example.
+ Git only recurses into active submodules (see "ACTIVE SUBMODULES"
+ section below).
+
If the submodule is not yet initialized, then the configuration
-inside the submodule does not exist yet, so configuration where to
+inside the submodule does not exist yet, so where to
obtain the submodule from is configured here for example.
- * the `.gitmodules` file inside the superproject. Additionally to the
- required mapping between submodule's name and path, a project usually
+ * The `.gitmodules` file inside the superproject. A project usually
uses this file to suggest defaults for the upstream collection
- of repositories.
+ of repositories for the mapping that is required between a
+ submodule's name and its path.
+
-This file mainly serves as the mapping between name and path in
-the superproject, such that the submodule's git directory can be
+This file mainly serves as the mapping between the name and path of submodules
+in the superproject, such that the submodule's Git directory can be
located.
+
If the submodule has never been initialized, this is the only place
+
It is possible to construct these old form repositories manually.
+
-When deinitialized or deleted (see below), the submodule’s Git
+When deinitialized or deleted (see below), the submodule's Git
directory is automatically moved to `$GIT_DIR/modules/<name>/`
of the superproject.
* Deinitialized submodule: A `gitlink`, and a `.gitmodules` entry,
-but no submodule working directory. The submodule’s git directory
-may be there as after deinitializing the git directory is kept around.
+but no submodule working directory. The submodule's Git directory
+may be there as after deinitializing the Git directory is kept around.
The directory which is supposed to be the working directory is empty instead.
+
A submodule can be deinitialized by running `git submodule deinit`.
Besides emptying the working directory, this command only modifies
-the superproject’s `$GIT_DIR/config` file, so the superproject’s history
+the superproject's `$GIT_DIR/config` file, so the superproject's history
is not affected. This can be undone using `git submodule init`.
* Deleted submodule: A submodule can be deleted by running
`git rm <submodule path> && git commit`. This can be undone
using `git revert`.
+
-The deletion removes the superproject’s tracking data, which are
+The deletion removes the superproject's tracking data, which are
both the `gitlink` entry and the section in the `.gitmodules` file.
-The submodule’s working directory is removed from the file
+The submodule's working directory is removed from the file
system, but the Git directory is kept around as it to make it
possible to checkout past commits without requiring fetching
from another repository.
To completely remove a submodule, manually delete
`$GIT_DIR/modules/<name>/`.
+ACTIVE SUBMODULES
+-----------------
+
+A submodule is considered active,
+
+ (a) if `submodule.<name>.active` is set to `true`
+ or
+ (b) if the submodule's path matches the pathspec in `submodule.active`
+ or
+ (c) if `submodule.<name>.url` is set.
+
+and these are evaluated in this order.
+
+For example:
+
+ [submodule "foo"]
+ active = false
+ url = https://example.org/foo
+ [submodule "bar"]
+ active = true
+ url = https://example.org/bar
+ [submodule "baz"]
+ url = https://example.org/baz
+
+In the above config only the submodule 'bar' and 'baz' are active,
+'bar' due to (a) and 'baz' due to (c). 'foo' is inactive because
+(a) takes precedence over (c)
+
+Note that (c) is a historical artefact and will be ignored if the
+(a) and (b) specify that the submodule is not active. In other words,
+if we have an `submodule.<name>.active` set to `false` or if the
+submodule's path is excluded in the pathspec in `submodule.active`, the
+url doesn't matter whether it is present or not. This is illustrated in
+the example that follows.
+
+ [submodule "foo"]
+ active = true
+ url = https://example.org/foo
+ [submodule "bar"]
+ url = https://example.org/bar
+ [submodule "baz"]
+ url = https://example.org/baz
+ [submodule "bob"]
+ ignore = true
+ [submodule]
+ active = b*
+ active = :(exclude) baz
+
+In here all submodules except 'baz' (foo, bar, bob) are active.
+'foo' due to its own active flag and all the others due to the
+submodule active pathspec, which specifies that any submodule
+starting with 'b' except 'baz' are also active, regardless of the
+presence of the .url field.
+
Workflow for a third party library
----------------------------------
to split one big commit into several. Don't be afraid of making too
small or imperfect steps along the way. You can always go back later
and edit the commits with `git rebase --interactive` before you
-publish them. You can use `git stash save --keep-index` to run the
+publish them. You can use `git stash push --keep-index` to run the
test suite independent of other uncommitted changes; see the EXAMPLES
section of linkgit:git-stash[1].
`git pull <url> <branch>`
=====================================
-Occasionally, the maintainer may get merge conflicts when he tries to
-pull changes from downstream. In this case, he can ask downstream to
+Occasionally, the maintainer may get merge conflicts when they try to
+pull changes from downstream. In this case, they can ask downstream to
do the merge and resolve the conflicts themselves (perhaps they will
know better how to resolve them). It is one of the rare cases where
downstream 'should' merge from upstream.
repository=${1?repository}
destdir=${2?destination}
+GIT_MAN_REF=${3?master}
-head=master GIT_DIR=
+GIT_DIR=
for d in "$repository/.git" "$repository"
do
- if GIT_DIR="$d" git rev-parse refs/heads/master >/dev/null 2>&1
+ if GIT_DIR="$d" git rev-parse "$GIT_MAN_REF" >/dev/null 2>&1
then
GIT_DIR="$d"
export GIT_DIR
rm -f "$GIT_INDEX_FILE"
trap 'rm -f "$GIT_INDEX_FILE"' 0
-git read-tree $head
+git read-tree "$GIT_MAN_REF"
git checkout-index -a -f --prefix="$destdir"/
if test -n "$GZ"
then
- git ls-tree -r --name-only $head |
+ git ls-tree -r --name-only "$GIT_MAN_REF" |
xargs printf "$destdir/%s\n" |
xargs gzip -f
fi
allowed (equivalent to giving the `--ff-only` option from the
command line).
+merge.verifySignatures::
+ If true, this is equivalent to the --verify-signatures command
+ line option. See linkgit:git-merge[1] for details.
+
include::fmt-merge-msg-config.txt[]
merge.renameLimit::
--no-ff::
Create a merge commit even when the merge resolves as a
fast-forward. This is the default behaviour when merging an
- annotated (and possibly signed) tag.
+ annotated (and possibly signed) tag that is not stored in
+ its natural place in 'refs/tags/' hierarchy.
--ff-only::
Refuse to merge and exit with a non-zero status unless the
With --no-log do not list one-line descriptions from the
actual commits being merged.
+--signoff::
+--no-signoff::
+ Add Signed-off-by line by the committer at the end of the commit
+ log message. The meaning of a signoff depends on the project,
+ but it typically certifies that committer has
+ the rights to submit this work under the same license and
+ agrees to a Developer Certificate of Origin
+ (see http://developercertificate.org/ for more information).
++
+With --no-signoff do not add a Signed-off-by line.
--stat::
-n::
ignore-space-change;;
ignore-all-space;;
ignore-space-at-eol;;
+ignore-cr-at-eol;;
Treats lines with the indicated type of whitespace change as
unchanged for the sake of a three-way merge. Whitespace
changes mixed with other changes to a line are not ignored.
- See also linkgit:git-diff[1] `-b`, `-w`, and
- `--ignore-space-at-eol`.
+ See also linkgit:git-diff[1] `-b`, `-w`,
+ `--ignore-space-at-eol`, and `--ignore-cr-at-eol`.
+
* If 'their' version only introduces whitespace changes to a line,
'our' version is used;
- '%>>(<N>)', '%>>|(<N>)': similar to '%>(<N>)', '%>|(<N>)'
respectively, except that if the next placeholder takes more spaces
than given and there are spaces on its left, use those spaces
-- '%><(<N>)', '%><|(<N>)': similar to '% <(<N>)', '%<|(<N>)'
+- '%><(<N>)', '%><|(<N>)': similar to '%<(<N>)', '%<|(<N>)'
respectively, but padding both sides (i.e. the text is centered)
-- %(trailers): display the trailers of the body as interpreted by
- linkgit:git-interpret-trailers[1]. If the `:only` option is given,
- omit non-trailer lines from the trailer block. If the `:unfold`
- option is given, behave as if interpret-trailer's `--unfold` option
- was given. E.g., `%(trailers:only:unfold)` to do both.
+- %(trailers[:options]): display the trailers of the body as interpreted
+ by linkgit:git-interpret-trailers[1]. The `trailers` string may be
+ followed by a colon and zero or more comma-separated options. If the
+ `only` option is given, omit non-trailer lines from the trailer block.
+ If the `unfold` option is given, behave as if interpret-trailer's
+ `--unfold` option was given. E.g., `%(trailers:only,unfold)` to do
+ both.
NOTE: Some placeholders may depend on other options given to the
revision traversal engine. For example, the `%g*` reflog options will
--- /dev/null
+rebase.stat::
+ Whether to show a diffstat of what changed upstream since the last
+ rebase. False by default.
+
+rebase.autoSquash::
+ If set to true enable `--autosquash` option by default.
+
+rebase.autoStash::
+ When set to true, automatically create a temporary stash entry
+ before the operation begins, and apply it after the operation
+ ends. This means that you can run rebase on a dirty worktree.
+ However, use with care: the final stash application after a
+ successful rebase might result in non-trivial conflicts.
+ This option can be overridden by the `--no-autostash` and
+ `--autostash` options of linkgit:git-rebase[1].
+ Defaults to false.
+
+rebase.missingCommitsCheck::
+ If set to "warn", git rebase -i will print a warning if some
+ commits are removed (e.g. a line was deleted), however the
+ rebase will still proceed. If set to "error", it will print
+ the previous warning and stop the rebase, 'git rebase
+ --edit-todo' can then be used to correct the error. If set to
+ "ignore", no checking is done.
+ To drop a commit without warning or error, use the `drop`
+ command in the todo list.
+ Defaults to "ignore".
+
+rebase.instructionFormat::
+ A format string, as specified in linkgit:git-log[1], to be used for the
+ todo list during an interactive rebase. The format will
+ automatically have the long commit hash prepended to the format.
+
+rebase.abbreviateCommands::
+ If set to true, `git rebase` will use abbreviated command names in the
+ todo list resulting in something like this:
++
+-------------------------------------------
+ p deadbee The oneline of the commit
+ p fa1afe1 The oneline of the next commit
+ ...
+-------------------------------------------
++
+instead of:
++
+-------------------------------------------
+ pick deadbee The oneline of the commit
+ pick fa1afe1 The oneline of the next commit
+ ...
+-------------------------------------------
++
+Defaults to false.
all object IDs which I need to download if I have the commit
object _bar_ but not _foo_''.
+--in-commit-order::
+ Print tree and blob ids in order of the commits. The tree
+ and blob ids are printed after they are first referenced
+ by a commit.
+
--objects-edge::
Similar to `--objects`, but also print the IDs of excluded
commits prefixed with a ``-'' character. This is used by
for commits that are reachable from r2 excluding those that are reachable
from r1 by '{caret}r1 r2' and it can be written as 'r1..r2'.
-The '...' (three dot) Symmetric Difference Notation::
+The '...' (three-dot) Symmetric Difference Notation::
A similar notation 'r1\...r2' is called symmetric difference
/ uis / git / x / uis / git / git.git / commitdiff